ngx_http_upstream_module 示例

示例拓扑图

在这里插入图片描述

配置示例(默认权重)

1、Nginx 代理服务器配置

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf      # 在 Nginx 主配置文件里进行 upstream 名称定义
http {
    upstream webservers {
        server 192.168.10.12:80;
        server 192.168.10.13:80;
    }[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# cat neotang.conf       # 在 .conf 文件中进行 upstream 名称引用
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.neotang.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://webservers;
    }
}
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# pwd
/etc/nginx/conf.d

2、Nginx 代理服务器进行后端服务器访问

要确保 Nginx 代理服务器首先能访问后端被代理的服务器。

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# curl http://192.168.10.12/index.html
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# curl http://192.168.10.13/index.html
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>

3.用户进行访问

在未进行权重设置时,默认权重一样,访问占比一样。

[root@neo ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet 192"
        inet 192.168.1.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
[root@neo ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://www.neotang.com; done
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>

配置示例(配置权重)

1、Nginx 代理服务器配置

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf      # 在 Nginx 主配置文件里进行 upstream 名称定义
http {
    upstream webservers {
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1;
    }[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# cat neotang.conf       # 在 .conf 文件中进行 upstream 名称引用
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.neotang.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://webservers;
    }
}
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# pwd
/etc/nginx/conf.d
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# nginx -s reload

2、Nginx 代理服务器进行后端服务器访问

要确保 Nginx 代理服务器首先能访问后端被代理的服务器。

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# curl http://192.168.10.12/index.html
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# curl http://192.168.10.13/index.html
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>

3.用户进行访问

在配置权重后,访问比与设置的权重比一致。

[root@neo ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet 192"
        inet 192.168.1.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
[root@neo ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://www.neotang.com; done
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
<h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>

配置示例(健康机制监测 和 backup/down 应用)

1、健康机制监测

默认 Nginx 的 upstream 具有健康机制监测,当某一台服务器的down后,所有的服务会被发到另外一台服务器上。

  1. 对 web-server2 进行服务停止

    [root@Neo_Tang html]# systemctl stop httpd.service
    
  2. 用户进行访问

    [root@neo ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://www.neotang.com; done
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    
  3. 对 web-server2 进行服务进行重新启动

    [root@Neo_Tang html]# systemctl start httpd.service
    
  4. 用户再次进行访问

    [root@neo ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://www.neotang.com; done
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12</h1>
    

2、手动配置健康机制监测

[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
    upstream webservers {
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=1 max_fails=3;
    }

3、配置 say sorry 服务器

如果两个后端服务器全挂了,可以配置 say sorry 服务器(后加backup,平时不会被调度)

[root@Neo_Tang ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet 192"
        inet 192.168.1.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet 192.168.10.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
[root@Neo_Tang ~]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
<h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
    upstream webservers {
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=1 max_fails=3;
        server 127.0.0.1:80 backup;
    }
  1. 对 web-server1 进行服务停止

    [root@neo-neo ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet 192"
            inet 192.168.10.12  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
    [root@neo-neo ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service
    
  2. 对 web-server2 进行服务停止

    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# ifconfig | grep "inet 192"
            inet 192.168.10.13  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service
    
  3. 此时用户进行访问

    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# for i in {1..10};do curl http://www.neotang.com; done
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    <h1>So Sorry! Maintance Time! Nginx Server 192.168.1.11!</h1>
    

3、其它参数说明(down / ip_hash / hash)

http {
    upstream webservers {
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2 down;        
        # 相关主机后面加 down,相当于软down,请求不会送达此主机,但此主机并没有down,一般处于维护的目的进行此设置
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=1 max_fails=3;
        server 127.0.0.1:80 backup;
    }
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
    upstream webservers {
        ip_hash;                         # 同一服务器IP的请求都转向同一后端服务器,等同于 hash $remote_addr
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;        
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=1 max_fails=3;
    }
[root@Neo_Tang conf.d]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
    upstream webservers {
        hash $request_uri consistent;   # 请求同一URI会被调度到相同的后端主机(客户端服务器做缓存时,特别有用)
        server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;        
        server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=1 max_fails=3;
    }

3.1 hash 示例

  1. Nginx 代理服务器配置

    http {
        upstream webservers {
            hash $request_uri consistent;
            server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;
            server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1;
            #server 127.0.0.1:80 bakup;              # backup 不能与 hash 同时使用
        }[root@Neo_Tang ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/neotang.conf
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.neotang.com;
    
            location / {
                    proxy_pass http://webservers;
            }
    }
    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# nginx -s reload
    
  2. 客户端进行访问(发现只要是访问同一网页的请求,一定会被送往同一后端服务器)

    [root@neo ~]# for i in {1..5};do for j in {1..5};do curl http://www.neotang.com/index$i.html; done; done
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-2 192.168.10.13 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    

3.2 ip_hash 示例

  1. Nginx 服务器设置

    http {
        upstream webservers {
            ip_hash;
            server 192.168.10.12:80 weight=2;
            server 192.168.10.13:80 weight=1;
            #server 127.0.0.1:80 bakup;              # backup 不能与 hash 同时使用
        }[root@Neo_Tang ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/neotang.conf
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.neotang.com;
    
            location / {
                    proxy_pass http://webservers;
            }
    }
    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@Neo_Tang ~]# nginx -s reload
    
  2. 客户端进行访问(发现同一客户端服务器访问均被送往同一后端服务器)

    [root@neo ~]# for i in {1..5};do for j in {1..5};do curl http://www.neotang.com/index$i.html; done; done
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-1</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-2</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-3</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-4</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    <h1>HTTP web-server-1 192.168.10.12 index-5</h1>
    
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