本地和局域网 YUM 源制作详解

环境介绍

[root@LeeMumu ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@LeeMumu ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

一：制作本地 YUM 源

1、ISO YUM 源（光盘镜像源）

1.1 添加光盘

在 VMware 添加光盘。光盘名称为：CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1810.iso

1.2 挂载光盘

光盘在Linux上的标识一般为：

# /dev/sr0
# /dev/cdrom

[root@LeeMumu ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom
[root@LeeMumu ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@LeeMumu ~]# ls /media/cdrom/
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

1.3 复制光盘文件

把光盘内容复制在 /yum/cdrom/目录内。通过查看以 wire 开头的 rpm 包，确认是否复制成功。

[root@LeeMumu ~]# mkdir /yum
[root@LeeMumu ~]# cp -a /media/cdrom/ /yum
[root@LeeMumu ~]# ls /yum/cdrom/
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL
[root@LeeMumu ~]# ls /yum/cdrom/Packages/wire*
/yum/cdrom/Packages/wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.i686.rpm
/yum/cdrom/Packages/wireshark-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
/yum/cdrom/Packages/wireshark-devel-1.10.14-16.el7.i686.rpm
/yum/cdrom/Packages/wireshark-devel-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
/yum/cdrom/Packages/wireshark-gnome-1.10.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、备份归档本地repo

2.1 备份本地repo

[root@LeeMumu ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# ll
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  951 Oct  2  2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct  2  2017 epel-testing.repo
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# tar -Jcf repo.tar.xz CentOS*
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# ll
total 44
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  951 Oct  2  2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct  2  2017 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2208 Jul 27 23:56 repo.tar.xz

2.2 删除无用文件

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo 
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# rm -rf epel.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# rm -rf epel-testing.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo 
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2208 Jul 27 23:56 repo.tar.xz

3、配置本地 repo

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Media.repo      # 编辑 Media.repo 文件
[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///yum/cdrom/                            # 配置 repo 路径
gpgcheck=0                                            # 关闭 gpg 校验 
enabled=1                                             # 启用此 repo
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

4、制作 cache

清理本地缓存：

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: c7-media epel
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 78 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)

构建缓存：

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
c7-media                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): c7-media/group_gz                            | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): c7-media/primary_db                          | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): c7-media/filelists_db                        | 7.1 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): c7-media/other_db                            | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created

5、本地 YUM 源制作完成，可以进行程序安装

至此，本地 YUM 源制作完成，可是安装相应程序。

5.1 查看本地的 YUM 源

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                 repo name                   status
c7-media                CentOS-7 - Media            10,019
repolist: 10,019

5.2 安装 wget

[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql wget         # 确保 wget 没有安装
package wget is not installed
[root@LeeMumu yum.repos.d]# yum install wget     # 安装 wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
Install  1 Packag