CentOS 7 安装实时内核补丁

【方法一：yum 安装】

1. 在 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下新建一个CentOS-7-rt.repo

   vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-rt.repo 
   
   # CentOS-rt.repo 
   [rt]
   name=CentOS-7-rt
   baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/\$releasever/rt/\$basearch/
   gpgcheck=1
   gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
   

2. 安装rt内核和相关工具

   sudo yum install kernel-rt
   
   ...
   Dependencies Resolved
   =====================================================================================================================
    Package                            Arch              Version                                  Repository       Size
   =====================================================================================================================
   Installing:
    kernel-rt                          x86_64            3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7            rt               52 M
   Installing for dependencies:
    rt-setup                           x86_64            2.0-9.el7                                rt               21 k
    tuna                               noarch            0.13-9.el7                               base            141 k
    tuned-profiles-realtime            noarch            2.11.0-10.el7                            rt               31 k
   
   Transaction Summary
   =====================================================================================================================
   Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)	
   ...
   Running transaction
     Installing : tuna-0.13-9.el7.noarch                                                                            1/4 
     Installing : tuned-profiles-realtime-2.11.0-10.el7.noarch                                                      2/4 
     Installing : rt-setup-2.0-9.el7.x86_64                                                                         3/4 
   Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rt-setup.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rt-setup.service.
     Installing : kernel-rt-3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7.x86_64                                                    4/4 
     Verifying  : rt-setup-2.0-9.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/4 
     Verifying  : tuna-0.13-9.el7.noarch                                                                            2/4 
     Verifying  : kernel-rt-3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7.x86_64                                                    3/4 
     Verifying  : tuned-profiles-realtime-2.11.0-10.el7.noarch                                                      4/4 
   
   Installed:
     kernel-rt.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7                                                                   
   
   Dependency Installed:
     rt-setup.x86_64 0:2.0-9.el7      tuna.noarch 0:0.13-9.el7      tuned-profiles-realtime.noarch 0:2.11.0-10.el7     
   
   Complete!
   

3. 重启系统

   sudo reboot
   

4. 在开机的 GRUB 页面选择当前实时内核

【方法二：rpm安装】

1. 查看系统内核版本

   uname -a
   Linux h6-234 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
   

2. 根据系统内核版本下载 CentOS 的实时内核补丁 kernel-rt-3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7.x86_64，以及其依赖包 tuna-0.13-9.el7.noarch.rpm、tuned-profiles-realtime-2.11.0-10.el7.noarch.rpm、rt-setup-2.0-9.el7.x86_64.rpm。
   CentOS 官方源
   清华镜像源
3. 依次进行 rpm 安装

   sudo rpm -ivh tuna-0.13-9.el7.noarch.rpm
   
   sudo rpm -ivh tuned-profiles-realtime-2.11.0-10.el7.noarch.rpm
   Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
   Updating / installing...
      1:tuned-profiles-realtime-2.11.0-10################################# [100%]
      
   sudo rpm -ivh rt-setup-2.0-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
   Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
   Updating / installing...
      1:rt-setup-2.0-9.el7               ################################# [100%]
   Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rt-setup.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rt-setup.service.
   
   sudo rpm -ivh kernel-rt-3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.1139.el7.x86_64.rpm
   Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
   Updating / installing...
      1:kernel-rt-3.10.0-1160.6.1.rt56.11################################# [100%]
   

4. 重启系统

   sudo reboot
   

5. 在开机的 GRUB 页面选择当前实时内核

【参考文章】

[1] 实时Linux内核（PREEMPT_RT）的编译安装以及测试
[2] centos 7安装RT实时内核
[3] CentOS GRUB更改GRUB启动菜单
[4] 【realtime】红帽 RedHat Linux实时内核配置要点全面分析