文章目录
前言
本文利用Spring-MVC实现对相应数据表格中数据的新增,删除,修改,查询所有,查询单个。为了便于大家使用和理解,利用List生成相应的数据,代码全部经过测试,可放心使用,有什么问题请您积极留言。本文原创,您的使用和点赞是我的动力!!!!!这里跪了
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供您使用
一、Spring-MVC是什么?
Spring-MVC相当于一个JDBC中servlet所扮演的角色,是前端和后端交互的一个驿站(纯属个人理解),分工明确的Model、View 和 Controller 搭建起了数据传输的路径,海量的底层代码被封装使用,对,是海量!!!!
二、使用步骤
1.POM中XML的配置
代码如下(其中包含详细的头文件和依赖引入):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>days59MVCONE</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.20</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.WEB中XML的配置
代码如下(示例):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<!--对DispatcherServlet进行加载驱动-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 表示容器再启动时立即加载servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.Spring-MVC中XML的配置
这个点非常重要,好多bug处于此处,主要原因还是对其中标签的理解不充分,在该配置过程中,进行了相应地详细描述:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--mvc:default-servlet-handler-缺省的servlet服务器,让html可以顺利放送-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--解释器-去掉了前缀和后缀-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/"
p:suffix=".jsp" />
<!--
mvc:annotation-driven:mvcd的注解驱动,使得注解可用
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--
context:component-scan:上下文的组件扫描
可以扫描指定base-package下的所有的component
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.flex.controller" />
<!--上下文的组件扫描-->
</beans>
4.pojo的构建.数据的生成.dao方法的重写.service方法的重写
pojo的构建:
package com.flex.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int uid;
private String name;
private double salary;
}
相应数据的生成和dao中方法的继承:
package com.flex.dao.impl;
import com.flex.dao.IUserDao;
import com.flex.pojo.User;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao {
private static List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
users.add(new User(i, "sang" + i,10000*i));
}
}
@Override
public List<User> getAllUser() {
return users;
}
@Override
public User getUserByUid(int uid) {
return users.get(uid);
}
@Override
public int deleteUserByUid(int uid) {
try{
users.remove(uid);
return 1;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 0;
}
@Override
public int saveUser(User u) {
try {
users.set(u.getUid(), u);
return 1;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean insertUser(User u) {
return users.add(u);
}
}
service方法的重写:
package com.flex.service.impl;
import com.flex.dao.IUserDao;
import com.flex.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import com.flex.pojo.User;
import com.flex.service.IUserService;
import java.util.List;
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
private IUserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
@Override
public List<User> getAllUser() {
return userDao.getAllUser();
}
@Override
public User getUserByUid(int uid) {
return userDao.getUserByUid(uid);
}
@Override
public boolean updateUser(User u) {
return userDao.saveUser(u) > 0;
}
@Override
public boolean deleteUser(int uid) {
return userDao.deleteUserByUid(uid) > 0;
}
@Override
public boolean addUser(User u) {
return userDao.insertUser(u);
}
}
5.Controller的构建
在Controller包下构建UserController过程中使用了注解的方式即@Controller,在以下的各种方法中都使用了注解的方法,且重点处均加上了注释-在Spring-MVC中注释是一种很灵活的方式,需要用心去理解:
package com.flex.controller;
import com.flex.pojo.User;
import com.flex.service.IUserService;
import com.flex.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
import com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.util.EditDistance;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
//Controller注解的使用
@Controller
public class UserController {
private IUserService us = new UserServiceImpl();
/**
*
* @param m、、此处的参数设置为Model原因是只需要向users。jsp页面中填充数据,与request.setAttribute有异曲同工之妙
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/Users")
public String getAllUser(Model m){
List<User> list = us.getAllUser();
m.addAttribute("list",list);
return "users";//转发
}
/**
*
* @param request-设置request的参数最大原因是要从该上个jsp页面进行取值
* @param m-封装对象
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/getUserByUid")
public String getUserByUid(HttpServletRequest request, Model m){
String suid = request.getParameter("uid");
int uid = suid == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(suid);
User u = us.getUserByUid(uid);
m.addAttribute("u",u);
return "user";
}
/**
*
* @param u-对User对象直接进行相应的封装-直接使用
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/updateUser")
public String updateUser(User u){
//在转发到updateUser这个Controller中直接生成了User对象即为u
boolean flag = us.updateUser(u);
return "redirect:/Users";//进行重定向
}
@RequestMapping("/deleteUserByUid/{did}")
public String deleteUSerByUid(@PathVariable("did") int uid){
us.deleteUser(uid);
return "redirect:/Users";
}
@RequestMapping("/newUserPage")
public String newPage(){
return "newUser";
}
@RequestMapping("/insertUser")
public String insertUserPage(User u){
us.addUser(u);
return "redirect:/Users";
}
}
6.相应的jsp页面
此处省略了index的页面,但需要注意的是webapp包下的index不能直接访问web-inf,因此需要在index中添加相应地Url指向Controller,Controller再对web-inf中的jsp进行操作(这点十分重要,新增这块不注意很容易出错):
users.jsp(示例):
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="l" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.4/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
td {
cellpadding: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<center><h1>All Users Table</h1></center>
<l:if test="${list!=null }">
<table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered">
<tr>
<th>uid</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>salary</th>
<th>mange</th>
</tr>
<l:forEach items="${list }" var="u">
<tr>
<th>${u.uid }</th>
<th>${u.name }</th>
<th>${u.salary }</th>
<th><div><a href="getUserByUid?uid=${u.uid}">update</a> <a href="deleteUserByUid/${u.uid}">delete</a> <a href="newUserPage">insert</a></div></th>
</tr>
</l:forEach>
</table>
</l:if>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
user.jsp(示例):
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="updateUser" method="post">
uid<input name="uid" type="text" value="${u.uid}" readonly="readonly"/></br>
name<input name="name" type="text" value="${u.name}" /></br>
salary<input name="salary" type="text" value="${u.salary}" /></br>
<input name="submit" type="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
newUser.jsp(示例):
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="insertUser" method="post">
uid<input name="uid" type="text"/></br>
name<input name="name" type="text"/></br>
salary<input name="salary" type="text"/></br>
<input name="submit" type="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
总结
1.MVC底层源码较多,但注重再使用侧,重点记忆理解相应的标签即可;
2.MVC中的页面跳转是一个对初学者不太友好的点,切记在jsp中跳转到相应的Controller方法中一定要去除"/"这个符号,不然就是404-具体原因在相对路径和绝对路径的识别这块;
3.如何去认识MVC我认为是一个很重要的点,对脉络进行清晰认知,整个使用过程便会很流畅;
4.这次我也碰上了一个问题
// @RequestMapping("/{path}")
// public String putPath(@PathVariable("path") String path){
// return path;
// }
设置该方法本意是能通过url访问web-inf下的页面,但设置之后index都打不开了?-问题在哪里?知道的大佬在下面留下言,这两天我会尽力解决,直知道答案后我会在博客发布;
!!!这里抱拳了!!!!!