简介
从Java8开始便支持函数式编程了,引入了lambda表达式,在开发过程中大大简化了我们的代码,在大多数情况下可以用到lambda表达式,如Stream流、替换匿名内部类等。然而,在spring框架里,使用lambda还需仔细小心。
问题起因
我们在项目中经常需要进行日期的格式化统一,故在SpringBoot中加入了如下配置,可以正常启动,没啥问题。可是根据Idea提示,可以将匿名内部类替换成lambda表达式,如注释所示,发现改完之后,SpringBoot启动会报错。
@Configuration
public class DateTimeConfig {
/**
* Date格式化字符串
*/
private static final String DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
/**
* DateTime格式化字符串
*/
private static final String DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
@Bean
public Converter<String, LocalDate> localDateConverter() {
// return s -> LocalDate.parse(s, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_FORMAT));
return new Converter<String, LocalDate>() {
@Override
public LocalDate convert(String s) {
return LocalDate.parse(s, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_FORMAT));
}
};
}
@Bean
public Converter<String, LocalDateTime> localDateTimeConverter() {
// return s -> LocalDateTime.parse(s, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMAT));
return new Converter<String, LocalDateTime>() {
@Override
public LocalDateTime convert(String s) {
return LocalDateTime.parse(s, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DATE_TIME_FORMAT));
}
};
}
}
异常信息
- 异常信息太多,就贴主要部分,注意Unable to determine source type <S> and target type <T>
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService]: Factory method 'mvcConversionService' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to determine source type <S> and target type <T> for your Converter [com.ddstudy.demo.config.DateTimeConfig$$Lambda$383/1403716230]; does the class parameterize those types?
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:650) ~[spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
... 34 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to determine source type <S> and target type <T> for your Converter [com.ddstudy.demo.config.DateTimeConfig$$Lambda$382/1624817884]; does the class parameterize those types?
at org.springframework.core.convert.support.GenericConversionService.addConverter(GenericConversionService.java:92) ~[spring-core-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.convert.ApplicationConversionService.addBeans(ApplicationConversionService.java:170) ~[spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:2.3.1.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.addFormatters(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:312) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:2.3.1.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerComposite.addFormatters(WebMvcConfigurerComposite.java:81) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.addFormatters(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.java:78) ~[spring-webmvc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration.mvcConversionService(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:448) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:2.3.1.RELEASE]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_202]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:5.2.7.RELEASE]
... 35 common frames omitted
调试过程
-
首先,先看要注入Converter接口,这是个函数式接口,可以用lambda替换的,注意到该接口中有S、T,和上面异常有点联系了,但还是没啥头绪:
@FunctionalInterface public interface Converter<S, T> { @Nullable T convert(S var1); }
-
接着看Caused by 下面一行,进入到GenericConversionService.addConverte( )中,发现抛异常的代码就在此处,打好断点,开始debug:
public void addConverter(Converter<?, ?> converter) { ResolvableType[] typeInfo = this.getRequiredTypeInfo(converter.getClass(), Converter.class); if (typeInfo == null && converter instanceof DecoratingProxy) { typeInfo = this.getRequiredTypeInfo(((DecoratingProxy)converter).getDecoratedClass(), Converter.class); } if (typeInfo == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to determine source type <S> and target type <T> for your Converter [" + converter.getClass().getName() + "]; does the class parameterize those types?"); } else { this.addConverter((GenericConverter)(new GenericConversionService.ConverterAdapter(converter, typeInfo[0], typeInfo[1]))); } }
很长一段时间过去了,发现是没有注入进去,趁此机会也熟悉了下该部分的源码。(开始以为自己发现了spring的bug,心里的那个激动呀!!!)
-
最后,开始查阅lambda和匿名内部类的区别,重点来了
我们先用原始的格式(即用匿名内部类的方式),正常启动,发现代码编译后会有3个class文件:
接着,利用java的反编译命令反编译DateTimeConfig文件,当前目录下进入cmd,javap -p DateTimeConfig.class:
再来看下DateTimeConfig&1.class这个文件:
可以看到,这相当于Converter接口的一个实现类,内部实现了2个conver方法,因用了2个匿名内部类,故生成2个子类文件。
我们再来看用lambda替换该内部类编译后的结果(注意,此时SpringBoot是无法成功启动的,但是看target文件夹,还是会正常编译),发现只有一个class文件了:
用javap看下,发现和最初的config类有点不同,这里多了两个静态方法,且方法名带有lambda:
总结
从这就可以看出来了,我们知道,lambda表达式虽然也是一种语法糖,但它和匿名内部类还是不同的,lambda编译后不会生成class文件,那么也就略过了类的加载、验证、解析等。相当于是在运行时再进行相应的操作。因此,在spring注入过程中,无法注入含确定类型的入参和出参方法的实现类,所以,才会出现无法确定类型,导致注入失败,从而springboot启动失败的问题。