利用 BBED 恢复非归档模式下 OFFLINE 数据文件

利用 BBED 恢复非归档模式下 OFFLINE 数据文件

今天来模拟一个非归档模式下恢复OFFLINE数据文件的场景，主要有2种情况：

一种是在线日志没有被覆盖，另一种是在线日志被覆盖。

第一种情况比较简单，数据库自身就能处理，而第二种情况稍显复杂，但也并不难，下面开始整个过程：

一、在线日志没有被覆盖的场景 

--切换数据库到非归档模式

SQL> archive log list

Database log modeArchive Mode

Automatic archivalEnabled

Archive destinationUSE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     6

Next log sequence to archive   8

Current log sequence8

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes

Fixed Size1218992 bytes

Variable Size125830736 bytes

Database Buffers155189248 bytes

Redo Buffers2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL>

alter database noarchivelog

;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list

Database log modeNo Archive Mode

Automatic archivalDisabled

Archive destinationUSE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     6

Current log sequence8

SQL> 

--创建测试环境

SQL> create tablespace zlm_test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf' size 50M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create user zlm1 identified by oracle;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm1;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> alter user zlm1 default tablespace zlm_test;

User altered.

SQL> conn zlm1/oracle

Connected.

SQL> create table offline_test(id int,name varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into offline_test values(1,'aaron8219');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;   

Commit complete.

--查看数据文件检查点SCN

SQL> set line 130

SQL> col name for a45

SQL> select file#,name,status,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile order by 1;

FILE# NAMESTATUS  CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --------------------------------------------- ------- ------------------

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbfSYSTEM551520

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf  ONLINE551520

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbfONLINE551520

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbfONLINE551520

5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf  ONLINE551520

6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbfONLINE551520

7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbfONLINE551520

8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf ONLINE551753

尽管刚才插入一行数据后commit过了，但不代表db buffer cache会立即刷到磁盘文件，需要手动执行检查点 

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

SQL> select file#,name,status,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile order by 1;

FILE# NAMESTATUS  CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --------------------------------------------- ------- ------------------

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbfSYSTEM552134

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf  ONLINE552134

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbfONLINE552134

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbfONLINE552134

5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf  ONLINE552134

6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbfONLINE552134

7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbfONLINE552134

8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf ONLINE552134

--查看数据文件头的检查点SCN

SQL> select file#,name,status,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header order by 1;

FILE# NAMESTATUS  CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --------------------------------------------- ------- ------------------

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbfONLINE552134

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf  ONLINE552134

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbfONLINE552134

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbfONLINE552134

5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf  ONLINE552134

6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbfONLINE552134

7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbfONLINE552134

8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf ONLINE552134

--当前日志情况

SQL> select * from v$Log;

GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ----------

117   524288001 YES INACTIVE551038 05-9? -14

218   524288001 NO  CURRENT551097 05-9? -14

316   524288001 YES INACTIVE550653 05-9? -14

--offline掉测试用户表空间数据文件zlm_test01.dbf

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline;   --由于是非归档模式，不支持该操作

alter database datafile 8 offline

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01145: offline immediate disallowed unless media recovery enabled

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;   --非归档要用offline drop，注意不是真正的删除数据文件

Database altered.

SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;   --offline drop以后，需要recover以后才能online

alter database datafile 8 online

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 8 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 8: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf'

SQL> recover datafile 8

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;

Database altered.

由于此时在线日志并没有被覆盖，可以进行recover操作，然后对8号数据文件进行online

2.在线日志被覆盖的场景

--把8号数据文件重新offline

SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;

Database altered.

--查看在线日志当前状态 

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ----------

117   524288001 YES INACTIVE551038 05-9? -14

218   524288001 NO  CURRENT551097 05-9? -14

316   524288001 YES INACTIVE550653 05-9? -14

--切换3次日志，把当前日志内容覆盖

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ----------

117   524288001 YES INACTIVE551038 05-9? -14

218   524288001 NO  ACTIVE551097 05-9? -14

319   524288001 NO  CURRENT552891 05-9? -14

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ----------

1110   524288001 NO  CURRENT552899 05-9? -14

218   524288001 NO  ACTIVE551097 05-9? -14

319   524288001 NO  ACTIVE552891 05-9? -14

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ----------

1110   524288001 NO  ACTIVE552899 05-9? -14

2111   524288001 NO  CURRENT552911 05-9? -14

319   524288001 NO  ACTIVE552891 05-9? -14

--对8号数据文件online

SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;

alter database datafile 8 online

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01113: file 8 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 8: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf'

可以看到，同样是需要media recovery的，从以下视图可以获得同样地结果：

SQL> select file#,online_status from v$recover_file;

FILE# ONLINE_

---------- -------

8 OFFLINE

SQL> recover datafile 8

ORA-00279: change 552554 generated at 09/05/2014 12:16:56 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_05/o1_mf_1_8_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 552554 for thread 1 is in sequence #8

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_05/o1_mf_1_8_%u_.arc'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORA10G/archivelog/2014_09_05/o1_mf_1_8_%u_.arc'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

SQL> 

自动recover失败，原因是在线日志已经被覆盖了，而且因为是非归档模式，也没有可用的归档日志进行recover

这个时候，数据库自身无法重新让该文件再online了，必须借助一个特殊工具——BBED(Block Browse Editor)

BBED是Oracle仅供内部使用的一个数据块浏览编辑工具，通过命令行方式，对数据块所在磁盘的十六进制物理地址进行修改，用来处理一些特殊恢复的场景

BBED在10g数据库软件中是自带的，但是需要对其进行编译安装，需要用到3个包，分别是sbbdpt.o、ssbbded.o、bbedus.msb，其中sbbdpt.o、ssbbded.o位于?/rdbms/lib下，而bbedus.msb位于?/rdbms/mesg下。据说由于在DBLINK场景中使用BBED修改数据块的SCN，会引起SCN headroom，因此在11g中，默认没有放入这几个文件(Oracle也许并不愿意让客户使用BBED )，因此如果11g中要使用BBED，需要去10g数据库中手工拷贝这3个文件到相应位置，然后再编译安装，要注意的是，BBED没有平台区分，只有位数区分，32bit和64bit的不能互用。

--检查BBED所需的3个文件sbbdpt.o、ssbbded.o、bbedus.msb是否存在

SQL> !

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib

[oracle@ora10g lib]$ ll

...

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall    3043 Jun 28  2005 sbbdpt.o

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall    2721 Jun 28  2005 ssbbded.o

...

[oracle@ora10g lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/

[oracle@ora10g mesg]$ ll

-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall    8704 Jun 28  2005 bbedus.msb

...

--编译安装BBED

[oracle@ora10g mesg]$ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed

Linking BBED utility (bbed)

rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed

gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/ -L/usr/lib -lirc  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10 -lclntsh  `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10   -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10  -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10   `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm    `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib

--首先用下面的SQL语句获得数据文件列表

SQL> select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile ;

FILE#||''||NAME||''||BYTES

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf 524288000

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf 31457280

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf 251658240

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf 104857600

5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf 104857600

6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf 104857600

7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf 104857600

8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf 52428800

--创建LISTFILE

SQL> !

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ touch bbedlistfile.log

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cat >> bbedlistfile.log << EOF

> 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf 524288000

> 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf 31457280

> 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf 251658240

> 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf 104857600

> 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf 104857600

> 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf 104857600

> 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf 104857600

> 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf 52428800

> EOF

--创建PARFILE

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ touch parfile.bbd   --注意扩展名只能是bbd，否则识别不了

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cat >> parfile.bbd << EOF

> blocksize=8192

> listfile=bbedlistfile.log

> mode=edit

> EOF

[oracle@rh ~]$ bbed

密码:blockedit

--查看装载到BBED中的文件信息

BBED> info

File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)

-----  ----                                                        ----------

1  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf                      64000

2  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf                      3840

3  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf                      30720

4  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf                       12800

5  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/example01.dbf                     12800

6  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf                         12800

7  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf                         12800

8  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf                     6400

--进入BBED命令行模式(默认密码：blockedit)

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ bbed parfile=parfile.log

Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Fri Sep 5 13:09:55 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED>

注意：这里使用了指定了参数文件和文件列表方式登陆BBED，否则，所有参数都需要在BBED的CML界面中输入

如果数据库做过resetlogs，那么需要关注以下两项：

kcvfhrls

kcvfhrlc

由于这里并没有用resetlogs打开数据库，所以只需关注以下几项值：

kscnbas

kcvcptim

kcvfhcpc

kcvfhccc

--查看datafile 8的信息

BBED> set file 8

FILE#          8

BBED> p kcvfhckp 

struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     

struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     

ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x00086e6a   --数据文件头的SCN

ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000

ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x331c12b8

ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001

union u, 12 bytes                        @500     

struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     

ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000008   --数据文件当前写的redolog sequence

ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x00000ab9   --数据文件当前写的redolog block number

ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010

ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02

ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00

BBED> p kcvfhcpc

ub4 kcvfhcpc                                @140      0x00000005

BBED> p kcvfhccc

ub4 kcvfhccc                                @148      0x00000004

--和datafile 7做比较

BBED> set file 7

FILE#          7

BBED> p kcvfhckp  

struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     

struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     

ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x00086fcf

ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000

ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x331c159d

ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001

union u, 12 bytes                        @500     

struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     

ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x0000000b

ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x00000002

ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010

ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02

ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00

ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00

BBED> p kcvfhcpc

ub4 kcvfhcpc                                @140      0x0000001b

BBED> p kcvfhccc

ub4 kcvfhccc                                @148      0x0000001a

其实这里kcvfhcpc和kcvfhccc可以不必理会，要修改的其实就2个地方

只需要把datafile 8中offset 484和500的值改成和datafile 7一致，就ok了

--用dump命令查看datafile 7的存储值

BBED> dump /v offset 484 count 16

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf (7)

Block: 1       Offsets:  484 to  499  Dba:0x01c00001

-------------------------------------------------------

cf6f0800 0000f1b7 9d151c33 01000000 l ?....穹...3....

<16 bytes per line>

注意，这里存储的格式与之前通过p kcvfhckp查看到的值是相反的

--通过以下视图可以获得endian值：

SQL> set lin 130

SQL> col platform_name for a40

SQL> select platform_id,platform_name,endian_format from v$db_transportable_platform;

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAMEENDIAN_FORMAT

----------- ---------------------------------------- --------------

7 Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)Little

10 Linux IA (32-bit)Little

5 HP Tru64 UNIXLittle

11 Linux IA (64-bit)Little

15 HP Open VMSLittle

8 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)Little

13 Linux 64-bit for AMDLittle

12 Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMDLittle

17 Solaris Operating System (x86)Little

Big-Endian和Little-Endian的定义如下：

a) Little-Endian 低位字节排放在内存的低地址端，高位字节排放在内存的高地址端。

b) Big-Endian 高位字节排放在内存的低地址端，低位字节排放在内存的高地址端。

BBED> dump /v offset 500 count 16

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf (7)

Block: 1       Offsets:  500 to  515  Dba:0x01c00001

-------------------------------------------------------

0b000000 02000000 1000e1bf 02000000 l ..........峥....

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> modify /x cf6f0800 dba 8,1 offset 484

BBED-00209: invalid number (cf6f0800)

BBED> modify /x cf6f08 dba 8,1 offset 484

Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf (8)

Block: 1                Offsets:  484 to  499           Dba:0x02000001

------------------------------------------------------------------------

cf6f0800 00000000 b8121c33 01000000 

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v dba 8,1 offset 484 count 16 

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf (8)

Block: 1       Offsets:  484 to  499  Dba:0x02000001

-------------------------------------------------------

cf6f0800 00000000 b8121c33 01000000 l ?......?.3....

<16 bytes per line> 

BBED> set file 7 block 1

FILE#          7

BLOCK#        1

BBED> d /v offset 500 count 16

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm02.dbf (7)

Block: 1       Offsets:  500 to  515  Dba:0x01c00001

-------------------------------------------------------

0b000000 02000000 1000e1bf 02000000 l ..........峥....

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 0b dba 8,1 offset 500   

File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm_test01.dbf (8)

Block: 1                Offsets:  500 to  515           Dba:0x02000001

------------------------------------------------------------------------

0b000000 b90a0000 1000bf0e 02000000 

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum

Check value for File 8, Block 1:

current = 0xf66e, required = 0xf7c8

BBED> sum apply

Check value for File 8, Block 1:

current = 0xf7c8, required = 0xf7c8

BBED> exit

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 5 13:49:58 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,last_change# from v$datafile;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ ------------

1552911

2552911

3552911

4552911

5552911

6552911

7552911

8552554552828

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,resetlogs_change# from v$datafile_header;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ -----------------

1552911547304

2552911547304

3552911547304

4552911547304

5552911547304

6552911547304

7552911547304

8552911547304

虽然8号数据文件的checkpoint_change#，last_change#与其他文件还是不一致的，但是它的数据文件头中的信息已经一致了，也就是我们刚才改的内容

--recover数据文件并使其online

SQL> recover datafile 8

Media recovery complete.

QL> alter database datafile 8 online;

Database altered.

--再次查看

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,last_change# from v$datafile;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ ------------

1552911

2552911

3552911

4552911

5552911

6552911

7552911

8555977

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,resetlogs_change# from v$datafile_header;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ -----------------

1552911547304

2552911547304

3552911547304

4552911547304

5552911547304

6552911547304

7552911547304

8555977547304

SQL> select * from zlm1.offline_test;

ID NAME

---------- ----------

1 aaron8219

此时可以看到，虽然8号数据文件的checkpoint_change#仍然是不一致的，但是已经比其他文件new了，说明是当前更改的文件，其实之前不能直接online，就是因为8号数据文件的checkpoint_change#=552554要比其他文件的checkpoint_change#552911小所致，online的时候，控制文件中记录的信息过旧(因为之前文件是offline的，它的checkpoint信息自那一刻开始就不会再变化)，需要用recover把它推送到其他文件的checkpoint之后的值(即比它们都要大)。经过recover以后，我们获得了8号文件新的checkpoint_change#=555977>552911，因此才能够重新将它online，即通过BBED，手工修改数据文件头中的checkpoint SCN,是其能够不依赖于online redo logfile和archive logfile，就能实现recover操作。

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,last_change# from v$datafile;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ ------------

1556048

2556048

3556048

4556048

5556048

6556048

7556048

8556048

8 rows selected.

SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,resetlogs_change# from v$datafile_header;

FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE#

---------- ------------------ -----------------

1556048547304

2556048547304

3556048547304

4556048547304

5556048547304

6556048547304

7556048547304

8556048547304

8 rows selected.

SQL>

当我们再次手工执行检查点以后，就会触发DBWR进程把DB BUFFER CACHE中的脏数据写到磁盘文件，此时8号数据文件和数据文件头中的checkpoint SCN信息，已经与其他数据文件都一致了。至此，整个恢复过程顺利结束。

总结

本例是通过Oracle BBED工具，在非归档模式下对OFFLINE数据文件进行恢复的过程。注意，由于current日志非常重要，它仅保留在内存中(SGA的db buffer cache)，所以一般重要的系统，都是需要开启归档的，这样可以保证current日志被覆盖后依然可以对数据文件进行前滚(recover)。当我们既没有current日志，又没有归档日志，那就只能通过特殊手段来进行恢复了。如果OFFLINE的数据文件中有比较重要的数据内容，就能够使其重新ONLINE并取出数据了。当然，BBED还有更多比较复杂的运用，如当某个数据文件块出现损坏，又没有可以用的备份时，通过BBED，都可以对数据文件块直接dump并替换内容等。