Bootstrap 4 引入了Flex布局，替代了之前的浮动布局。Flexbox是一种强大的CSS布局模式，适合创建响应式设计。本文介绍了如何使用d-flex类创建弹性盒子容器，以及各种控制子元素排列、对齐和扩展的类，如.flex-row、.justify-content-、.flex-grow-1、.order等，帮助开发者更好地理解和应用Bootstrap 4的Flex布局。
Bootstrap 4 通过 flex 类来控制页面的布局。
弹性盒子(flexbox) Bootstrap 3 与 Bootstrap 4 最大的区别就是 Bootstrap 4 使用弹性盒子来布局，而不是使用浮动来布局。 弹性盒子是 CSS3 的一种新的布局模式，更适合响应式的设计，
以下实例使用 d-flex 类创建一个弹性盒子容器，并设置三个弹性子元素：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>Flex</h2>
<p>使用 d-flex 类创建一个弹性盒子容器，并设置三个弹性子元素：</p>
<div class="d-flex p-3 bg-secondary text-white">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
创建显示在同一行上的弹性盒子容器可以使用 d-inline-flex 类:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>行内 Flex</h2>
<p>创建显示在同一行上的弹性盒子容器可以使用 d-inline-flex 类:</p>
<div class="d-inline-flex p-3 bg-secondary text-white">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
水平方向 .flex-row 可以设置弹性子元素水平显示，这是默认的。 使用 .flex-row-reverse 类用于设置右对齐显示，即与 .flex-row 方向相反。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>水平方向</h2>
<p>使用 .flex-row 类设置弹性子元素水平显示：</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-row bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<p>.flex-row-reverse 设置右对齐方向:</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-row-reverse bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
垂直方向 .flex-column 类用于设置弹性子元素垂直方向显示, .flex-column-reverse 用于翻转子元素：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>垂直方向</h2>
<p>.flex-column 类用于设置弹性子元素垂直方向显示：</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-column mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<p>.flex-column-reverse 类用于设置弹性子元素垂直方向翻转显示：</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-column-reverse">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
内容排列 .justify-content- 类用于修改弹性子元素的排列方式， 号允许的值有：start (默认), end, center, between 或 around:**
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>内容排列方式</h2>
<p> .justify-content-* 类用于修改弹性子元素的排列方式，* 号允许的值有：start (默认), end, center, between 或 around:</p>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-end bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-between bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-around bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
等宽 .flex-fill 类强制设置各个弹性子元素的宽度是一样的:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>等宽</h2>
<p>.flex-fill 类强制设置各个弹性子元素的宽度是一样的:</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<p>不使用 .flex-fill 类实例:</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
扩展 .flex-grow-1 用于设置子元素使用剩下的空间。以下实例中前面两个子元素只设置了它们所需要的空间，最后一个获取剩余空间。 :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>扩展</h2>
<p>.flex-grow-1 用于设置子元素使用剩下的空间：</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-grow-1 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<p>不使用 .flex-grow-1 实例:</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
提示: 使用 .flex-shrink-1 用于设置子元素的收缩规则。
排序 .order 类可以设置弹性子元素的排序，从 .order-1 到 .order-12，数字越低权重越高( .order-1 排在 .order-2 之前) :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>排序</h2>
<p>.order 类可以设置弹性子元素的排序，从 .order-1 到 .order-12，数字越低权重越高:</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 order-3 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 order-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 order-1 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
外边距 .mr-auto 类可以设置子元素右外边距为 auto，即 margin-right: auto!important;，.ml-auto 类可以设置子元素左外边距为 auto，即 margin-left:
auto!important;:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>外边距</h2>
<p>.mr-auto 类可以设置子元素右外边距为 auto，.ml-auto 类可以设置子元素左外边距为 auto，</p>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 mr-auto bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 ml-auto bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
包裹 弹性容器中包裹子元素可以使用以下三个类： .flex-nowrap (默认), .flex-wrap 或 .flex-wrap-reverse。设置 flex 容器是单行或者多行。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>包裹</h2>
<p>弹性容器中包裹弹性子元素可以使用以下三个类： .flex-nowrap (默认), .flex-wrap 或 .flex-wrap-reverse:</p>
<p><code>.flex-wrap:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p><code>.flex-wrap-reverse:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap-reverse bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p><code>.flex-nowrap:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 26</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 27</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 28</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 29</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 30</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 31</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 32</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 33</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 34</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 35</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
子元素对齐 如果要设置单行的子元素对齐可以使用 .align-items- 类来控制，包含的值有：.align-items-start, .align-items-end, .align-items-center,
.align-items-baseline, 和 .align-items-stretch (默认)。*
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>子元素对齐</h2>
<p>如果要设置单行的子元素对齐可以使用 .align-content-* 类来控制。</p>
<p>.align-items-start:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-start bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-end:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-end bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-center:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-center bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-baseline:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-baseline bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-stretch (默认):</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-stretch bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
指定子元素对齐 如果要设置指定子元素对齐对齐可以使用 .align-self- 类来控制，包含的值有：.align-self-start, .align-self-end, .align-self-center,
.align-self-baseline, 和 .align-self-stretch (默认)。*
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap 实例</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/popper.js/1.15.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<h2>Align Self</h2>
<p>如果要设置指定子元素对齐对齐可以使用 .align-self-* 类来控制。</p>
<p>.align-self-start:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-start">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-end:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-end">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-center:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-center">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-baseline:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-baseline">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-stretch (默认):</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-stretch">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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