测试类使用@Autowired注入的bean为null

SpringBoot项目编写测试用例，在测试类中使用@Autowired注解拿到bean的值为null。

public class OrderBookServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderBookService orderBookService;   //null

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void testHandleJson(){
        String msg="{\"asks\":[[0.51,14220.0],[0.52,20000.0]],\"bids\":[[0.4981,174.2],[0.498,15387.036],[0.497,20000.0],[0.4967,12.0],[0.3,2000.0]],\"e\":\"AABUSDT@delta_book.50\",\"t\":1600077555484}";
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(msg);
        orderBookService.handleJsonObject(jsonObject);

        OrderBookView orderBookView = orderBookService.getOrderBookView("AABUSDT");
        assertThat(orderBookView).isNotNull();
        List<BookEntry> askSnapShot = orderBookView.getAskSnapShot();
        assertThat(askSnapShot.size()).isEqualTo(2);

        assertThat(orderBookView.getBidsSnapShot().size()).isEqualTo(5);
    }
}

网上查阅找发现说是要加上以下注解即可
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class OrderBookServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderBookService orderBookService;   //null

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void testHandleJson(){
        String msg="{\"asks\":[[0.51,14220.0],[0.52,20000.0]],\"bids\":[[0.4981,174.2],[0.498,15387.036],[0.497,20000.0],[0.4967,12.0],[0.3,2000.0]],\"e\":\"AABUSDT@delta_book.50\",\"t\":1600077555484}";
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(msg);
        orderBookService.handleJsonObject(jsonObject);

        OrderBookView orderBookView = orderBookService.getOrderBookView("AABUSDT");
        assertThat(orderBookView).isNotNull();
        List<BookEntry> askSnapShot = orderBookView.getAskSnapShot();
        assertThat(askSnapShot.size()).isEqualTo(2);

        assertThat(orderBookView.getBidsSnapShot().size()).isEqualTo(5);
    }
}

加上后发现还是报错。需要将注入的类加载@SpringBootTest注解的class属性上

@SpringBootTest(classes = {OrderBookServiceImpl.class, AlgoServiceImpl.class})
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class OrderBookServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderBookService orderBookService;

    @Autowired
    private AlgoService algoService;

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void testHandleJson(){
        String msg="{\"asks\":[[0.51,14220.0],[0.52,20000.0]],\"bids\":[[0.4981,174.2],[0.498,15387.036],[0.497,20000.0],[0.4967,12.0],[0.3,2000.0]],\"e\":\"AABUSDT@delta_book.50\",\"t\":1600077555484}";
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(msg);
        orderBookService.handleJsonObject(jsonObject);

        OrderBookView orderBookView = orderBookService.getOrderBookView("AABUSDT");
        assertThat(orderBookView).isNotNull();
        List<BookEntry> askSnapShot = orderBookView.getAskSnapShot();
        assertThat(askSnapShot.size()).isEqualTo(2);

        assertThat(orderBookView.getBidsSnapShot().size()).isEqualTo(5);
    }

为什么是这样的呢。我的项目里面包含多个子工程，子工程里面没有Application.java启动类。

@SpringBootTest次注解的作用就是启动Spring 容器。没有这个注解的测试类在运行的时候并没有启动Spring容器，容器没有启动，那又怎么能通过@Autowired注解来注入呢