Python2.7学习笔记 Day2

Python2.7学习笔记 Day2

字符串String和文本

代码示例与注释：

#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
x = "There are %d types of people." % 10
#这里%d指代整数10
binary = "binary"
#定义一个变量，是字符串
do_not = "don't"
#定义一个变量，是字符串
y = "Those who know %s and those who %s." % (binary, do_not)
#y是字符串，知道二进制和不知道二进制的人

print x
print y

print "I said: %r." % x 
#打印 I said x。 此处%r指代字符串x的内容
print "I also said: '%s'." % y 
#打印 I also said：'y'. 此处%s指代字符串y 

hilarious = False
#定义一个变量hilarious为“假”
joke_evaluation = "Isn't that jole so funny?! %r"
#定义一个变量joke_evaluation为 。。。 **此处的%r是什么意思？？？**

print joke_evaluation % hilarious

w = "This is the left side of..."
e = "a string with a right side."

print w + e 
#字符串可以相加，相加就是接到一起

输出的结果：

There are 10 types of people.
Those who know binary and those who don't.
I said: 'There are 10 types of people.'.
I also said: 'Those who know binary and those who don't.'.
Isn't that jole so funny?! False
This is the left side of...a string with a right side.

在做这个练习的时候，出现了一个报错，提示为IndentationError: unexpected indent。对于此错误，最常见的原因是：代码没有对齐。python编写代码时，不空格的代码是一组代码块，空一格的是一组代码块，空两格的是一组代码块，代码块区分是按照空几个格来区分的。

解决办法：在Notepad++里，视图 -> 显示符号 -> 显示空格与制表符，显示出所有空格与制表符就可以找到哪里没有对齐了。

字符串String和文本的巩固练习1

练习例子：

# coding = utf-8
print "Mary had a little lamb."
print "Its fleece was white as %s." % 'snow'
print "And everywhere that Mary went."
print "." * 10 #what'd that do? 十个点相乘，形成一个分割线。

end1 = "C"
end2 = "h"
end3 = "e"
end4 = "e"
end5 = "s"
end6 = "e"
end7 = "B"
end8 = "u"
end9 = "r"
end10 = "g"
end11 = "e"
end12 = "r"

print end1 + end2 + end3 + end4 + end5 + end6,
print end7 + end8 + end10 + end11 + end12
#此处的 ， 起到 + 的作用 把两个单词连接起来了

输出结果：

Mary had a little lamb.
Its fleece was white as snow.
And everywhere that Mary went.
..........
Cheese Buger

字符串String和文本的巩固练习2

练习代码：

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
formatter = "%r %r %r %r"
#首先定义了一个变量叫formatter，它是个字符串，由4个任意的东西构成

print formatter % (1, 2, 3, 4)
#打印这个变量，给这个变量4个内容，分别为1234
print formatter % ("one", "two", "three", "four")
print formatter % (True, False, True, False)
print formatter % (formatter, formatter, formatter, formatter)
#此处意义重大，当你给fomatter这个变量赋予4个内容时，它就有内容
#如果没有赋予其内容，formatter代表一个内容为 %r %r %r %r 的字符串
print formatter % (
    "I had this thing.",
    "That you could type up right.",
    "But it didn't sing.",
    "So I said goodnight."
    )

运行结果：

1 2 3 4
'one' 'two' 'three' 'four'
True False True False
'%r %r %r %r' '%r %r %r %r' '%r %r %r %r' '%r %r %r %r'
'I had this thing.' 'That you could type up right.' "But it didn't sing." 'So I said goodnight.'

为什么最后一行既有双引号也有单引号呢？

字符串String和文本的巩固练习3

练习代码：

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
days = "Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun"
months = "Jan\nFeb\nMar\nApr\nMay\nJun\nAug"

print "Here are the days: ", days
print "Here are the months: ", months

print """
There's something going on here.
With the three double-quotes.
We'll be able to type as much as we like.
Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6.
"""

输出结果：

Here are the days:  Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Here are the months:  Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Aug

There's something going on here.
With the three double-quotes.
We'll be able to type as much as we like.
Even 4 lines if we want, or 5, or 6.

从这里可以知道，\n指的是下一行的意思。可以用两个"""来括住一段话来打印出来。

字符串String和文本的巩固练习4

转义符号\
那些会引起“歧义”或阻挠python判断语句的符号可以加上\来转义。
例如： \n表示下一行
\t表示一个制表符
在print “I want to print \\”中，\\代表后一个\是字符串，这句命令的结果是I want to print \。
下面由一个例子来说明：

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
tabby_cat = "\tI'm tabbed in."
persian_cat = "I'm split\non a line."
backslash_cat = "I'm \\ a \\ cat."

fat_cat = """
I'll do a list:
\t* Cat food
\t* Fishies
\t* Catnip\n\t* Grass
"""

print tabby_cat
print persian_cat
print backslash_cat
print fat_cat

运行结果是：

        I'm tabbed in.
I'm split
on a line.
I'm \ a \ cat.

I'll do a list:
        * Cat food
        * Fishies
        * Catnip
        * Grass

新的篇章，把数据读到你的程序当中去

一般软件做的事情主要就是下面几条：

1.接受人的输入。
2.改变输入。
3.打印出改变了的输入。
学习一个新的语法raw_input
练习代码如下：

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
print "How old are you?"
age = raw_input()   #输入
print "How tall are you?"
height = raw_input()
print "How much do you weigh?"
weight = raw_input()

print "So, you're %r old, %r tall and %r heaby." % (age, height, weight)

运行结果如下：

How old are you?
28
How tall are you?
181
How much do you weigh?
85
So, you're '28' old, '181' tall and '85' heaby.

raw _input()的用法

对于 raw_input 而言，还可以让它显示出一个提示，从而告诉别人应该输入什么东西。可以在 () 之间放入一个想要作为提示的字符串，如下所示：
y = raw_input("Name? ")
这句话会用 “Name?” 提示用户，然后将用户输入的结果赋值给变量 y。这就是我们提问用户并且得到答案的方式。
上一个练习可以使用 raw_input 重写一次。所有的提示都可以通过
raw_input 实现。
练习代码如下：

上一个练习可以使用 raw_input 重写一次。所有的提示都可以通过
raw_input 实现。

运行结果为：

How old are you?28
How tall are you?180
How much do you weight?82
So, you are '28' old, '180' tall and '82' heavy.