struts2入门

struts环境搭建

struts的配置是要在我们把maven的环境全部配置好，然后在maven项目中的pom.xml加入我们struts的依赖，加载jar包

	<!-- 添加 架包的依赖-->
	  <dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.13</version>
		</dependency>	

（1）然后还要在导入我们struts的配置文件：struts.xml（它是一个核心配置文件）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
	<include file="struts-default.xml"></include><!-- 默认模块 -->
	<include file="struts-base.xml"></include><!-- 基础模块 -->
	<include file="struts-sy.xml"></include><!-- 系统模块-->
</struts>

（2）然后我们还要配置web.xml文件

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
  <!-- 配置中央控制器 -->
  <filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>  
  <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

（3）然后我们开始写代码吧
我们先创建一个实体类 （User类）

package com.thf.entity;

public class User {

	private String uid;
	private String uname;
	public String getUid() {
		return uid;
	}
	public void setUid(String uid) {
		this.uid = uid;
	}
	public String getUname() {
		return uname;
	}
	public void setUname(String uname) {
		this.uname = uname;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [uid=" + uid + ", uname=" + uname + "]";
	}
	public User(String uid, String uname) {
		super();
		this.uid = uid;
		this.uname = uname;
	}
	public User() {
		
	}
	
}

（4）开发

1.动态方法调用（mvc不具备的优势）
我们先创建一个控制器 （HelloActioc）
（1）HelloActioc不需要指定父类(ActionSupport)
（2）mvc框架的子控制器需要传一个methondName的参数，但是现在不用了

package com.thf.web;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.thf.entity.User;

/**
 * 1.动态方法调用（mvc不具备的优势）
 * 2.struts中的传参
 *   1.set传参
 *   2.参数名.属性名
 *   3.实现modeldriven接口传参
 * 
 * 
 * 3.struts与tomcat的交互
 * 如何将后台的值传到前台去
 * 1.request传值
 * 2.值栈传值（get反法传值）
 * 
 * @author 2019072403
 *
 */
public class HelloAction implements ModelDriven<User>,ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware{
	
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	private HttpServletResponse response;
	private User user1=new User();
	private User user2;
	private  String sex ;
	

	
   public User getUser2() {
		return user2;
	}

	public void setUser2(User user2) {
		this.user2 = user2;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

public String add() {
	   System.out.println("add方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }
   
   public String del() {
	   System.out.println("del方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }
   
   public String list() {
	   System.out.println("list方法被调用");
	   System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
	   System.out.println("user2:"+user2);
	   System.out.println("sex:"+sex);
	   //这属于非注入的耦合形式
	   //这些写到方法外面是没有用的
//	   HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
//	   request.setAttribute("rs", user1);
	   this.request.setAttribute("rs", user1);
	   return "success";
   }
   
   
   public String updet() {
	   System.out.println("updet方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }

@Override
public User getModel() {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	return user1;
}

@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	this.request=request;
}

@Override
public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	this.response=response;
}
}

配置struts-sy.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
	<action name="/hello_*" class="com.thf.web.HelloAction" method="{1}">
	<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
	</action>
	</package>
</struts>

显示成功的JSP页面：success.jsp
调用方法之后跳转的页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
成功页面: ${rs}
</body>
</html>

（5）struts中的三种传参

1.实现modeldriven接口传参
2.set传参
3.参数名.属性名
Dome.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>struts传参的三种方式</h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/hello_list.action?uid=001&&uname=zs">测试modeldriven接口传参</a><br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/hello_list.action?sex=nv">测试set传参</a><br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/hello_list.action?user2.uid=002&&user2.uname=ls">测试参数名.属性名传参</a><br>
</body>
</html>

三种传参方式结果如下：
（1）实现modeldriven接口传参

（2）set传参

（3）参数名.属性名

（6）与J2EE容器交互

两种方式
1.注入的，直接实现ServletRequestAware接口，通过request存放

package com.thf.web;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.thf.entity.User;

/**
 * 1.动态方法调用（mvc不具备的优势）
 * 2.struts中的传参
 *   1.set传参
 *   2.参数名.属性名
 *   3.实现modeldriven接口传参
 * 
 * 
 * 3.struts与tomcat的交互
 * 如何将后台的值传到前台去
 * 1.request传值
 * 2.值栈传值（get反法传值）
 * 
 * @author 2019072403
 *
 */
public class HelloAction implements ModelDriven<User>,ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware{
	
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	private HttpServletResponse response;
	private User user1=new User();
	private User user2;
	private  String sex ;
	

	
   public User getUser2() {
		return user2;
	}

	public void setUser2(User user2) {
		this.user2 = user2;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

public String add() {
	   System.out.println("add方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }
   
   public String del() {
	   System.out.println("del方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }
   
   public String list() {
	   System.out.println("list方法被调用");
	   System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
	   System.out.println("user2:"+user2);
	   System.out.println("sex:"+sex);
	   //这属于非注入的耦合形式
	   //这些写到方法外面是没有用的
	   HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
   request.setAttribute("rs", user1);
	  // this.request.setAttribute("rs", user1);
	   return "success";
   }
   
   
   public String updet() {
	   System.out.println("updet方法被调用");
	   return "success";
   }

@Override
public User getModel() {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	return user1;
}

@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	this.request=request;
}

@Override
public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	this.response=response;
}
}

2.非注入的，在方法中通过ServletActionContext.getRequest()，实例request来存放

   public String list() {
	   System.out.println("list方法被调用");
	   System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
	   System.out.println("user2:"+user2);
	   System.out.println("sex:"+sex);
	   //这属于非注入的耦合形式
	   //这些写到方法外面是没有用的
	   HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
   request.setAttribute("rs", user1);
	   return "success";
   }
   

如何将后台的值传到前台去
1.request传值
request传值 要实现ModelDriven,，然后调用ServletActionContext.getRequest()方法

 public String list() {
	   System.out.println("list方法被调用");
	   System.out.println("user1:"+user1);
	   System.out.println("user2:"+user2);
	   System.out.println("sex:"+sex);
	   //这属于非注入的耦合形式
	   //这些写到方法外面是没有用的
	   HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
       request.setAttribute("rs", user1);

结果如下：

2.值栈传值（get反法传值）如果用的是get方法传参的话，
我们不需要传什么，直接在跳转界面引用就行