SpringMVC框架基础详解(四) （RESTFul使用案例）

---

**功能清单

一、准备工作

和传统 CRUD 一样，实现对员工信息的增删改查

1.1、项目目录

1.2、实体类Employee

package cn.hncj.bean;

/**
 * Created on 2022/4/5.
 *
 * @author Hou chaof
 */
public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String lastName;
    private String email; //1 male, 0 female
    private Integer gender;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(Integer gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.email = email;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Employee() {
    }
}

1.3、控制层EmployeeController

package cn.hncj.controller;

import cn.hncj.dao.EmployeeDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

/**
 * Created on 2022/4/5.
 *
 * @author Hou chaof
 */
@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
}

1.3、dao层 EmployeeDao

package cn.hncj.dao;

import cn.hncj.bean.Employee;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created on 2022/4/5.
 *
 * @author Hou chaof
 */
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
    private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;

    static {
        employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();
        employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1));
        employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1));
        employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0));
        employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0));
        employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1));
    }

    private static Integer initId = 1006;

    public void save(Employee employee) {
        if (employee.getId() == null) {
            employee.setId(initId++);
        }
        employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
    }

    public Collection<Employee> getAll() {
        return employees.values();
    }

    public Employee get(Integer id) {
        return employees.get(id);
    }

    public void delete(Integer id) {
        employees.remove(id);
    }
}

1.4、springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.hncj"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置thymeleaf视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <!--设置视图解析器优先级-->
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <!--模板-->
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">

                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>

                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
   
</beans>

1.5、 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置springMVC编码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


    <!--springMVC前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

---

二、功能1： 访问首页

2.1、templates目录下创建index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1><br>
<a th:href="@{/employee}">查看员工信息</a>
</body>
</html>

2.2 、springMVC中配置视图控制器方便访问首页

  <!--配置视图控制器-->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"></mvc:view-controller>
    <!--开启mvc的注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

2.3、首页

三、功能2：查询所有员工信息

3.1、控制器方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/employee",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAllEmployee(Model model){
        Collection<Employee> employeesList = employeeDao.getAll();
        //想在页面中访问，将它放在域对象中
        model.addAttribute("employeeList",employeesList);
        return "employee_list";
    }

3.2创建employee_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Employee Info</title>
</head>
<body>
  <table border="1" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center">
    <tr>
      <th colspan="5">Employee Info</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th>id</th>
      <th>lastName</th>
      <th>email</th>
      <th>gender</th>
      <th>options</th>
    </tr>
    <tr th:each="employee:${employeeList}">
      <td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
      <td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
      <td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
      <td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
      <td>
        <a href="delete"></a>
        <a href="update"></a>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</body>
</html>

四、功能3：删除

3.1、创建处理delete请求方式的表单

<!-- 作用：通过超链接控制表单的提交，将post请求转换为delete请求 --> 
<form id="delete_form" method="post"> 
<!-- HiddenHttpMethodFilter要求：必须传输_method请求参数，并且值为最终的请求方式 --> 
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/> </form>

3.2、删除超链接绑定点击事件

引入vue.js

<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></scrip

删除超链接

<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">delete</a>

通过vue处理点击事件

<script type="text/javascript">
    var vue = new Vue({
        el: "#dataTable",
        methods: {
            deleteEmployee: function (event) {
                //根据id获取表单元素
                var deleteForm = document.getElementById("deleteForm");
                //将触发点击时间的超链接的href属性赋值给表单的action
                deleteForm.action=event.target.href;
                //提交表单
                deleteForm.submit();
                //取消超链接的默认行为
                event.preventDefault();
            }
        }
    });
</script>

控制器方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/employee/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        employeeDao.delete(id);
        return "redirect:/employee";
    }

五、功能四：跳转到添加数据页面

配置view-controller

<mvc:view-controller path="/toAdd" view-name="employee_add">
</mvc:view-controller>

创建employee_add.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/employee}" method="post">
  lastName:<input type="text" name="lastName"><br>
  email:<input type="text" name="email"><br>
  gender:<input type="text" name="gender" value="1">male<br>
  gender:<input type="text" name="gender" value="0">female<br>
 <input type="submit" name="add"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>