SpringMVC入门学习-04-获取请求参数

默认方式获取请求参数：

<a href="hello?username=">hello</a>

@RequsetMapping("/hello")
public String handle(String username){
    System.out.println("username="+username);
    return "success";
} 

不填为null

@RequestParam
@RequsetMapping("/hello")
public String handle(@RequsetParam("user")String username){
    System.out.println("username="+username);
    return "success";
} 

@RequsetParam(“user”)表示：

username = requset.getParameter(“user”);
标记了RequsetParam后默认请求必须带上该参数

@RequsetParam的参数：

value：值
required：该参数是否是必须的
defaultValue：默认值，默认为null

@RequestParam和@pathVairable区别：

前者获取请求URL问号后的值，后者获取路径上占位符的值

@RequestHeader

获取请求头中某个key的值
属性与RequsetParam相同

@RequsetMapping("/hello")
public String handle(@RequsetParam(value="user",required=false)String username,
@RequsetHeader("User-Agent")String userAgent){
    System.out.println("username="+username);
    System.out.println("userAgent="+userAgent);
    return "success";
} 

@CookieValue使用方法与RequesrHeader相同

当页面的请求参数是一个自定义类型，有较多参数属性时，
我们可以建立一个对应的POJO实体类（有参+无参+toString），
SpringMVC会自动地为这个POJO实体类进行赋值，
将POJO中的每一个属性，从request参数中尝试获取出来并封装
（request.parameter(“实体类属性名”)，有则赋值，无则为null）
还可进行级联操作

<form action="book" method="post">
    书名：<input type="text" name="bookname"><br>
    作者：<input type="text" name="author"><br>
    价格：<input type="text" name="price"><br>
    销量: <input type="text" name="sales"><br>
    //级联的属性
    省：<input type="text" name="address.province"/><br>
    市：<input type="text" name="address.city"/><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

//图书实体类
public class Book{
    private String bookname;
    ...
    public Address address;
    ...
    构造方法...
    toString...
}

//地址实体类
public class Address{
    private String province;
    private String city;
    ...
    构造方法...
    toString...
}

addBook的参数是自定义类型Book，所以SpringMVC会尝试从request域中对实体类的属性依次进行getParameter并封装

@RequestMapping("/book")
public String addBook(Book book){
    System.out.println("图书信息"+book);
    return "success";
}

解决中文乱码问题：
在xml中添加（配置在最前端）

<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    //定义编码
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    //是否强制用encoding的编码方式来解析请求和响应
    <init-param>
        <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
        <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

CharacterEncodingFilter源码：

package org.springframework.web.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;


public class CharacterEncodingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

//filter中被定义为UTF-8
   @Nullable
   private String encoding;
//是否要强制用encoding编码方式来解析请求内容，默认为false
   private boolean forceRequestEncoding = false;
//是否要强制用encoding编码方式来解析响应内容，默认为false
   private boolean forceResponseEncoding = false;


   public CharacterEncodingFilter() {
   }

   public CharacterEncodingFilter(String encoding) {
      this(encoding, false);
   }

   public CharacterEncodingFilter(String encoding, boolean forceEncoding) {
      this(encoding, forceEncoding, forceEncoding);
   }

   public CharacterEncodingFilter(String encoding, boolean forceRequestEncoding, boolean forceResponseEncoding) {
      Assert.hasLength(encoding, "Encoding must not be empty");
      this.encoding = encoding;
      this.forceRequestEncoding = forceRequestEncoding;
      this.forceResponseEncoding = forceResponseEncoding;
   }

   public void setEncoding(@Nullable String encoding) {
      this.encoding = encoding;
   }

   @Nullable
   public String getEncoding() {
      return this.encoding;
   }
//接收filter传入的forceEncoding，将forceRequestEncoding和forceResponseEncoding设置为true
   public void setForceEncoding(boolean forceEncoding) {
      this.forceRequestEncoding = forceEncoding;
      this.forceResponseEncoding = forceEncoding;
   }

   public void setForceRequestEncoding(boolean forceRequestEncoding) {
      this.forceRequestEncoding = forceRequestEncoding;
   }

   public boolean isForceRequestEncoding() {
      return this.forceRequestEncoding;
   }

   public void setForceResponseEncoding(boolean forceResponseEncoding) {
      this.forceResponseEncoding = forceResponseEncoding;
   }
//filter中已经forceEncoding设置为true，所以isForceResponseEncoding的值为true
   public boolean isForceResponseEncoding() {
      return this.forceResponseEncoding;
   }


   @Override
   protected void doFilterInternal(
         HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
         throws ServletException, IOException {

      String encoding = getEncoding();
      if (encoding != null) {
          //因为isForceResponseEncoding为true，所以if中的语句一定会被执行
         if (isForceRequestEncoding() || request.getCharacterEncoding() == null) {
             //设置请求编码方式
            request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
         }
         //也会被执行
         if (isForceResponseEncoding()) {
            response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
         }
      }
      filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
   }

}