ArrayList（int initialCapacity）构造函数初始化数组大小后无法指定位置插入

public static void main(String[] args) {
	ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(10);
	System.out.println(list.size());
	list.add("hello");
	System.out.println(list.size());
	list.set(2, "hah");
	System.out.println(list.size());		
}

输出结果如下

0
1
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 2, Size: 1
	at java.util.ArrayList.rangeCheck(ArrayList.java:657)
	at java.util.ArrayList.set(ArrayList.java:448)
	at com.lin.test.other.TestLearning.main(TestLearning.java:14)

看下源码：

/**
 * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
 *
 * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
 *         is negative
 */
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                           initialCapacity);
    }
}

该构造方法，初始化了数组的数组内容。

/**
 * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
 */
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

/**
 * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
 * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
 * first element is added.
 */
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

/**
 * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
 * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
 * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
 * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
 */
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

/**
 * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
 *
 * @serial
 */
private int size;

但是这里没有关系到数组的大小(size)。那么对于int属性的size来说，没有指定其大小的话，默认是0，直接打印list.size()，显示为0。

接着看下set方法：

/**
 * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with
 * the specified element.
 *
 * @param index index of the element to replace
 * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
 * @return the element previously at the specified position
 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
 */
public E set(int index, E element) {
    rangeCheck(index);

    E oldValue = elementData(index);
    elementData[index] = element;
    return oldValue;
}

/**
 * Checks if the given index is in range.  If not, throws an appropriate
 * runtime exception.  This method does *not* check if the index is
 * negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
 * which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
 */
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
    if (index >= size)
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}

首先是检查放入的位置跟size的大小，index大于size则抛出IndexOutOfBoundsException异常。

还不明白的话，那就看下elementData的注释，elementData作为存储ArrayList元素的数组缓冲区，ArrayList的容量是这个数组缓冲区的长度。注意，这里提到的是容量capacity，而size则是：the size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).数组中包含元素的个数。

可见，当使用ArrayList（int initialCapacity）的时候，只是指定了缓冲区数组的大小， 跟数组的大小size并没有什么关系。所以出现了初始化之后，打印数组的size仍然为0的结果。