SpringCloud01_微服务架构入门（概述、技术栈、版本选型、环境搭建）

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已于 2022-03-12 21:52:05 修改

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分类专栏： 5-Java开发框架 # 5-6 SpringCloud 文章标签：微服务架构 spring cloud

于 2022-03-09 21:58:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45176509/article/details/123339464

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1、微服务架构概述

将单元应用划分为一组小的服务，各服务独立部署，独立运行，服务之间相互调用，互相配合完成。
SpringCloud = 分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，多种微服务架构落地技术的几何体。

2、技术栈更新

3、版本选型

每个版本都有对应的SpringBoot版本，版本选型官网链接：版本选型官网链接

4、环境搭建

父工程构建

第一步：新建工程
在这里插入图片描述

第二步：字符编码
在这里插入图片描述
第三步：注解激活

第四步：编译版本

第五步：文件过滤

父工程pom.xml文件整理

第一步：文件管理
在这里插入图片描述
第二步：内容修改

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>com.cloud2022</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom </packaging>

  <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
     <!-- <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>-->
    <mybatis-plus.spring.boot.version>3.4.3</mybatis-plus.spring.boot.version>

  </properties>

  <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version  -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--<dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>-->
         <dependency>
          <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
          <version>${mybatis-plus.spring.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <locales>en,fr</locales>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

dependencyManagement与dependencies区别

dependencyManagement用作总pom文件中，便于统一管理版本；
dependencyManagement只是声明依赖，并不引入，子项目需重新声明依赖；

其他技巧：

跳过测试
install发布
子模块搭建-支付模块

第一步：建module
在这里插入图片描述

第二步：改pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

第三步：写yml
application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name : payment8001

  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

#2、mybatis-plus配置
mybatis-plus:
  #2-1 lodging 日志
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  #2-2 deleted 逻辑删除
  global-config :
    db-config:
      logic-delete-value: 1
      logic-not-delete-value: 0
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

第四步：主启动
PaymentApplication .java

package com.payment;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.payment")
@MapperScan("com.payment.Mapper")
public class PaymentApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentApplication.class, args);
    }
    
}

第五步：业务类
在这里插入图片描述执行：http://localhost:8001/payment/1
结果：{“code”:200,“msg”:“成功”,“date”:null}

注意：
——使用result封装数据结果集；

子模块搭建-订单模块
搭建步骤与支付模块相同

注意：
——调用支付模块，不需要业务处理逻辑；
在这里插入图片描述

——需要config配置RestTemplate；

package com.consumer.Config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

——controller类
注意：

请求方式为get；
post无法使用RequestBody注解；

package com.consumer.Controller;

import com.consumer.Entity.Payment;
import com.consumer.Entity.Result;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class PaymentController {

    public static final String payment_URL ="http://localhost:8001";

    private final RestTemplate restTemplate  ;

    @GetMapping("/get/save")
    public Result<Payment> saveEntity(Payment payment) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(payment_URL+"/payment/save",payment,Result.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Result getEntity(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(payment_URL+"/payment/"+id,Result.class);
    }
}

总结

1、子工程-支付模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name : payment8001

  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

#2、mybatis-plus配置
mybatis-plus:
  #2-1 lodging 日志
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  #2-2 deleted 逻辑删除
  global-config :
    db-config:
      logic-delete-value: 1
      logic-not-delete-value: 0
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

controller

package com.payment.Controller;

import com.payment.Entity.Payment;
import com.payment.Entity.Result;
import com.payment.Service.PaymentService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/payment")
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class PaymentController {

    private final PaymentService paymentService  ;

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public Result saveEntity(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
        paymentService.saveEntity(payment);
        return new Result(200,"成功","");
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Result saveEntity(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        System.out.println(id);
        return new Result(200,"成功",paymentService.getPayment(id));
    }

}

2、子工程-订单模块

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--        <dependency>-->
        <!--            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>-->
        <!--            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>-->
        <!--        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 8002

spring:
  application:
    name : consumer

  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
#    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

#2、mybatis-plus配置
mybatis-plus:
  #2-1 lodging 日志
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  #2-2 deleted 逻辑删除
  global-config :
    db-config:
      logic-delete-value: 1
      logic-not-delete-value: 0
#  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

controller

package com.consumer.Controller;

import com.consumer.Entity.Payment;
import com.consumer.Entity.Result;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class PaymentController {

    public static final String payment_URL ="http://localhost:8001";

    private final RestTemplate restTemplate  ;

    @GetMapping("get/save")
    public Result<Payment> saveEntity(Payment payment) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(payment_URL+"/payment/save",payment,Result.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Result getEntity(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(payment_URL+"/payment/save/"+id,Result.class);
    }
}

Result

package com.consumer.Entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Result<R>{

    private Integer code;

    private String msg;

    private R Date;

}

代码重构
（1）提出公共部分
（2）install发布

（3）在其他服务中引入

      <dependency>
            <groupId>com.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

采坑1：发布的服务一定要有gruopId字段，与引入的groupId一致

    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons</artifactId>