1、消息总线Bus
(1)基本概念与原理
总线:
- 在为服务架构中使用轻量级的消息代理来构建一个公用的消息主题,并让系统中所有的微服务实例都连接,该主题中产生的消息会被所有的实例监听和消费,所以称为消息总线。
消息总线Bus:
- 概念:配合spring cloud config实现配置的自动动态刷新,支持RabbitMQ和Kafka消息中间件;
- 原理:ConfigClient实例监听MQ中同一个topic(默认SpringCloudBus),当一个服务刷新数据时候,就会把这个信息放入topic,这样它监听的同一个tpoic的服务就能得到通知,然后更新自身配置。
(2)RabbitMQ配置与安装
- 安装Erlang
- 安装RabbitMQ
- 进入RabbitMQ安装目录下sbin目录
- 输入命名启动管理功能:rabbitmq-pligins enable rabbitmq_management
- 查看安装插件
(3)实现
有两种实现方式:
-
通知其中一个客户端,再由该客户端通知其他客户端;
-
通知一个服务端,而刷新所有客户端配置;
以上两种方式选择第二种,原因如下:
- 破坏各客户端之前平衡性,增加该客户端压力
以下代码实现在上一节消息配置基础上完成。
1.3.1 服务端配置
第一步:服务端增加消息总线依赖
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cloud-config</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-config</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
第二步:配置RabbitMQ与Bus刷新端点
application.yml
# 配置rabbitMq
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
#暴露bus刷新端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "bus-refresh"
server:
port: 3344
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true #是否要注册
fetchRegistry: true #是否抓取注册信息
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001:7001/eureka #,http://eureka7002:7002/eureka
instance: #修改主机名
instance-id: config3344
prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径显示IP
spring:
application:
name : config
cloud:
config:
server:
git:
# uri: git@github.com:wozaixianaichilamian/springboot_config.git #仓库路径
search-paths: -springboot_config #仓库名称
uri: https://gitee.com/wozaixianaichilamian/springboot_config
label: master #分支名称
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# 配置rabbitMq
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
#暴露bus刷新端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "bus-refresh"
1.3.2 客户端端配置
第一步:pom.xml添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>config-cilent</groupId>
<artifactId>config-cilent</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
第二步:配置RabbitMQ,无需配置刷新
# 配置rabbitMq
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
server:
port: 3355
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true #是否要注册
fetchRegistry: true #是否抓取注册信息
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001:7001/eureka #,http://eureka7002:7002/eureka
instance: #修改主机名
instance-id: config3355
prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径显示IP
spring:
application:
name : config-client
cloud:
config:
label: master #分支名称
name: config #配置文件地址
profile: dev #读取后缀名称
uri: http://localhost:3344 #配置中心地址
# 以上组合:http://config3344:3344/mastre/config-dev
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# 配置rabbitMq
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
第三步:启动消息服务端与客户端
第四步:修改gitu配置
第五步:cmd使用post刷新服务端
第七步:访问客户端与服务端:刷新服务端同时客户端也进行了刷新
第八步:登录RabbitMQ:可以看到ConfigClient实例监听MQ中同一个topic。(SpringCloudBus)
(4)动态刷新的定点通知
- 只通知一部分客户端进行刷新,另一部分不刷新。
- 服务端永远自动刷新。
命令公式:
http://localhost:{配置端口号}/actuator/bus-refresh/{需要变更配置的服务或者实例}
curl -POST "http://localhost:3344/actuator/bus-refresh/config-cilent:3355"
//config0cilent 为配置文件yml中的application.name,3355为服务端口号
(5)总结