SpringCloud08_消息驱动(Stream)

1、消息驱动Stream

1.1 基本概念

(1)引入目的

  • 构建消息驱动的微服务框架,为多种消息中间件提供统一的消息编程模型,目前仅支持RabbitMQ与KafKa;

(2)标准MQ

  • 生产者与消费者之间靠消息媒介传递消息内容;
  • 消息必须走特定通道;

(3)实现原理

  • 应用程序通过inputs与outputs来与SpringCloudStream的Binder对象交互。Inputs对应于消费者,Ouputs对应于生产者;
  • 通过定义绑定器Binder作为中间对象负责与消息中间件的交互,实现了应用程序与消息中间件细节之间的解耦;
  • Stream的消息通信方式遵循发布-订阅模式,Topic主题进行广播,在RabbitMQ为Exchange,在Kafka为Topic;
1.2 Stream编码常用注解

(1)基本流程
在这里插入图片描述

  • Binder:连接中间件,屏蔽差异;
  • Channel:通道,队列Queue的一种抽象,在消息通讯系统中就是实现存储和转发的媒介,通过频道(Channel)对队列进行配置;
  • Source与Sink:消息的输入与输出;

(2)注解
在这里插入图片描述

1.3 Stream使用

(1)搭建消息驱动生产发送者

  • 引入RabbitMQ中间件,也可以使用其他的,如Kafaka等
       <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cloud-stream</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-stream</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>
  • 配置文件
server:
  port: 8801

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true #是否要注册
    fetchRegistry: true #是否抓取注册信息
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001:7001/eureka #,http://eureka7002:7002/eureka
  instance: #修改主机名
    instance-id: stream-out
    prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径显示IP

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-provider
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息;
        defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称,用于于binding整合
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务的整合处理
        output: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
          destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
          content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型,本次为json,文本则设置“text/plain”
          binder: defaultRabbit # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置

  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

binder: defaultRabbit 报红,但是不影响。

  • 主启动
package com.stream;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.stream")
public class StreamProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

  • 消息发送MessageService
package com.stream.Service;

public interface MessageService {
    public String send();
}

  • 消息发送实现MessageServiceImpl
package com.stream.Service.Iml;

import com.stream.Service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Source;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;

import java.util.UUID;

@EnableBinding(Source.class) //定义消息推送管道
public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {

    @Resource
    private MessageChannel output; //消息发送管道

    @Override
    public String send() {
        String msg = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        output.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload(msg).build());
        return null;
    }
}
  • 消息发送Controller
package com.stream.Controller;

import com.stream.Service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class SendMessageController {

    @Resource
    private MessageService messageService;

    @GetMapping("/send")
    public String send(){
        return messageService.send();
    }
}

  • 启动并登录RabbitMQ,访问接口

在这里插入图片描述

(2)搭建消息驱动消费接收者

  • pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>stream-consumer</groupId>
    <artifactId>stream-consumer</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>
  • application.yml:input变为output
server:
  port: 8802


spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-comsumer
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 在此处配置要绑定的rabbitmq的服务信息;
        defaultRabbit: # 表示定义的名称,用于于binding整合
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 设置rabbitmq的相关的环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务的整合处理
        #**************区别,消息发送者output,接受者input
        input: # 这个名字是一个通道的名称
          destination: studyExchange # 表示要使用的Exchange名称定义
          content-type: application/json # 设置消息类型,本次为json,文本则设置“text/plain”
          binder: defaultRabbit # 设置要绑定的消息服务的具体设置

  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatisplus?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name=com: mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver


eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true #是否要注册
    fetchRegistry: true #是否抓取注册信息
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001:7001/eureka #,http://eureka7002:7002/eureka
  instance: #修改主机名
    instance-id: stream-in
    prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径显示IP

  • 主启动
package com.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.consumer")
public class StreamConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

  • 消息接收Controller
package com.consumer.Controller;

import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@EnableBinding(Sink.class)
public class StreamConsumerController {

    @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
    public void input(Message<String> message){
        System.out.println("接收到消息为:"+message.getPayload()+ "-8802");
    }
}

  • 访问:浏览器调用消息发送接口发送消息

在这里插入图片描述

1.4 消息重复消费Group
  • 同一个消息被两个服务接收,就会出现重复消费问题,比如以上例子,再建一个相同的消息接收方,Stream就会默认为是两个组,就会出现重复消费;
  • 同一个group中的多个消费者是竞争关系,只要保证消息被其中一个应用消费,同组其他应用就无法消费;
  • 不同组之间可以实现重复消费。

分组前:
在这里插入图片描述
添加配置分组
在这里插入图片描述

分组后:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

1.5 消息持久化
  • 给其中一个消息接受方去掉group分组属性;
  • 然后停掉两个消息接受服务;
  • 发送4条消息;
  • 启动消息接受服务;
  • 去掉group的消息接受方不会接受消息,另一方会接受到4条消息;
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