springmvc入门

1、Springmvc简介及配置

1.什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。

2.SpringMVC处理请求的流程
首先用户发送请求–>DispatherServlet
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerMapping
DispatcherServlet–>HandlerAdapter
HandlerAdapter–>处理器功能处理方法的调用
View–>渲染
返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户，流程结束

3.SpringMVC核心开发步骤
DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述，从而拦截请求到springMVC
HandlerMapping的配置，从而将请求映射到处理器
HandlerAdapter的配置，从而支持多种类型的处理器
处理器(页面控制器)的配置，从而刊行功能处理
ViewResolver的配置，从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术

4.SpringMVC的组件
前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
视图解析器(ViewResolver)
处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
验证器(Validator)
命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
5. 如何在项目中添加springmvc
添加pom依赖

 <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

JSTL依赖
缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config
原因：org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包

<dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
          <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.2</version>
      </dependency>

因为后面需要用到jsp页面进行页面访问所以我们还需要添加以下依赖

	    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
        <tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version>
   <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>${standard.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version>
        </dependency>

在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
    <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qukang"/>

    <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
    <!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，-->
    <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--3) ViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
        <property name="viewClass"
                  value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
    <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>
    <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->


</beans>

修改web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:appliactionContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>


  <!-- 中文乱码处理 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步-->
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步-->
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2、Springmvc之helloword实现

演示代码

package com.qukang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 屈康
 * @site www.qk.com
 * @company 不讲理公司
 * @create  2019-10-25 15:01
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(){
        System.out.println("hello spingmvc 你大爷");
        return "hello spingmvc 你大爷";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/hello2")
    public String hello2(){
        System.out.println("hello spingmvc 你大爷!!!");
        return "hello";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/hello3")
    public Map hello3(){
        System.out.println("hello spingmvc 你大爷!!!");
        Map map=new HashMap();
        map.put("total",12);
        map.put("rows","一串的数据");
        return map;
    }

}

3、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理

增删改查案例演示
需要用到自定义标签和分页


BookController

package com.qukang.controller;

import com.qukang.model.Book;
import com.qukang.service.BookService;
import com.qukang.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 屈康
 * @site www.qk.com
 * @company 不讲理公司
 * @create  2019-10-25 16:25
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public String list(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
        pageBean.setRequest(req);
        List<Map> books = this.bookService.listPager(book, pageBean);
        req.setAttribute("bookList",books);
        req.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);
        return "bookList";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/preSave")
    public String preSave(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        if(book!=null && book.getBid()!=null){
            Book book1 = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid());
            req.setAttribute("book1",book1);
        }
        return "bookEdit";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.insert(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(Book book,HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKey(book);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
    public String del(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid,HttpServletRequest req){
        this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid);
        return "redirect:/book/list";
    }
}

4、Springmvc静态资源处理

springmvc不可以直接访问到静态资源文件
我们需要加一个专门处理处理静态资源文件的功能
例如: 访问static的图片

    <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>