Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-10 16:58:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-10 16:58:24 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45180770/article/details/103436228

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微服务调用Ribbon

简介
前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现，但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。
这里的话就要用到Ribbon，结合eureka，来实现服务的调用；

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

在这里插入图片描述
初步应用
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡，所以肯定集成再消费端，也就是consumer端
我们修改microservice-student-consumer-80
首先，引入依赖，pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖

<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaxl.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaxl.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaxl.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者；

SpringCloudConfig也改成要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced

package com.hutao.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
 @LoadBalanced
 @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

因为和eureka整合，所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient

这里还有一个，要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST，改成指定的微服务应用名称；
当然这里要先在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置，指定下应用名称：

application:
    name: microservice-student

我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可；
MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称
在这里插入图片描述

上面配置好后，我们可以测试下；
先启动三个eureka，然后再启动服务提供者，再启动服务消费者；
在这里插入图片描述
按照它microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目，然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉；

前面搭建了初步例子，但是还没实现真正负载均衡，我们这里要先搞三个服务提供者集群，然后才能演示负载均衡，以及负载均衡策略；

新建项目microservice-student-provider-1002，microservice-student-provider-1003
pom.xml，application.yml，以及java类都复制一份，启动类名称对应的改下；
yml配置文件有两处要对应的改下，port端口改下，以及服务实例名称改下；
相关代码如下
相关pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cd</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.qukang</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.hutao</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
        </project>

yml文件

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.hutao.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.hutao.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.hutao.com:2003/eureka/
---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1002

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1002
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.hutao.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.hutao.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.hutao.com:2003/eureka/

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1003

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1003
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.hutao.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.hutao.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.hutao.com:2003/eureka/

启动类

package com.hutao.microservicestudentprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.hutao.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

StudentProviderController.java

@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}

StudentConsumerController.java

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}

在这里插入图片描述

新建一个Feign消费者项目；
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份，包括pom.xml
目录结构
在这里插入图片描述
pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cd</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.hutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入Feign依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.hutao.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.hutao.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.hutao.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

SpringCloudConfig.java

package com.hutao.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
 @LoadBalanced
 @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    /**
     * 自定义调用规则（服务提供者掉线后不再调用，解决轮询问题）
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
//        return new RandomRule();
    }

}

修改启动类名称，和加注解

package com.hutao.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.hutao.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
    }

}

StudentConsumerController.java

package com.hutao.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.Controller;

import com.hutao.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.hutao.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentClientService studentClientService;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    private boolean save(Student student) {
        return studentClientService.save(student);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")
    public List<Student> list() {
        return studentClientService.list();
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return studentClientService.get(id);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        try {
            studentClientService.delete(id);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return studentClientService.ribbon();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

1002被干掉了

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Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

微服务调用Ribbon简介前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现，但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。这里的话就要用到Ribbon，结合eureka，来实现服务的调用；Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很...
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