hibernate之HQL

1.什么是hql
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写

查全部

2. hql和sql区别/异同
   HQL SQL
   类名/属性 表名/列名
   区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写 不区分大小写
   别名 别名
   ?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持) ?，从顺序1开始计算位置
   :命名参数 不支持:命名参数
   面向对象的查询语言 面向结构查询语言

HQL入门

HqlTest类

package com.hutao.five.Test;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.hutao.four.entity.Book;
import com.hutao.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 * query对象相当于preparestatement
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
//		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
//		params.add(1);
//		params.add(2);
//		params.add(4);
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
//		getSingleResult,查询返回单行单列的数据
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 * FirstResult代表起始下标 start
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
}

baseDao的编写与测试
需要导入的两个帮助类，由于实现分页功能
pageBean

package com.hutao.five.util;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {

	private int page = 1;// 页码

	private int rows = 3;// 页大小

	private int total = 0;// 总记录数

	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;

	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}

	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}

	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}

	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}

	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}

	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}

	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}

	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}

	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}

}

StringUtils

package com.hutao.five.util;

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

编写的baseDao

package com.hutao.five.Dao;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.hutao.five.util.PageBean;

public class BaseDao {
	public void setParam(Query query,Map<String,Object> map) {
		if (map !=null && map.size()>0) {
			Set<Entry<String,Object>> entrySet=map.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				Object value=entry.getValue();
				if (value instanceof Collection) {
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(),(Collection) entry.getValue());
				}else if(value instanceof Object[]){
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(),(Object[])value);
				}else {
					query.setParameter(entry.getKey(),value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		return "select count(*) " + hql.substring(hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM"));
	}
	
	public List executeQuery(Session session,String hql,Map<String,Object> map, PageBean pageBean) {
    List list=null;
    Query query=null;
    if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
         String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
         Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
         this.setParam(countQuery, map);
         pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
         query=session.createQuery(hql);
         this.setParam(query, map);
         query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
         query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
         list=query.list();
         
    	}else {
    		query=session.createQuery(hql);
    		this.setParam(query, map);
    		list=query.list();
    	}
    return list;
	}
}

BookDao继承baseDao，实现通用查询

package com.hutao.four.dao;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.hutao.five.Dao.BaseDao;
import com.hutao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.hutao.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.hutao.four.entity.Book;
import com.hutao.four.entity.Category;
import com.hutao.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
/**
 * 通用查询	
 */
	public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
		//sql语句where后面可以直接写true hql语句不能出现true
		String hql= "from Book where 1=1 ";
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
		}
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql );
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
		}
		//处理的是分页
		if (pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}
		List list=query.list();
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	
	public List<Book> list2(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName=book.getBookName();
		Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
		//sql语句where后面可以直接写true hql语句不能出现true
		String hql= "from Book where 1=1 ";
		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
			map.put("bookName", bookName);
		}
		List list=super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
}

BookDaoTest类，用于测试方法

package com.hutao.four.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.hutao.five.util.PageBean;
import com.hutao.four.entity.Book;
import com.hutao.four.entity.Category;

public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("单身狗自传");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("c");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
	Book book=new Book();
	book.setBookName("%单身狗自传%");
	PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
//	pageBean.setPage(2);
	List<Book> list1=this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
	for (Book book2 : list1) {
		System.out.println(book2);
	}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
	Book book=new Book();
//	book.setBookName("%单身狗自传%");
	PageBean pageBean=new PageBean();
	pageBean.setPage(2);
	List<Book> list1=this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
	for (Book book2 : list1) {
		System.out.println(book2);
	}
	}
	
}

这是查询结果

这是实现的分页，每页展示三条数据