hibernate的一对多关系讲解
1.什么是关联(association)
关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
列
class B{
private String name;
private List<A> bs = new arraylist();
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
今天要用的表
1：t_hibernate_order
2：t_hibernate_order_item
导入工具类SessionFactoryUtils
package com.Liuyujian.one.utitl;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 仅在学习hiberante的过程中使用，当进入spring的学习侯就没用了。后台会有ssh来替代它
* 用来检测hiberate中的配置文件的准确性
* @author asdfg
*
*/
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hobernate.cfg.xml");
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static Session openSession() {
//从本地的线程中获取session会话，第一次肯定是获取不倒的，那么需要重新让sessionfactor创建
//第二次就能够对第一次创建的session反复利用，节约性能
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session == null) {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
return session;
}
public static void closeSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
}
}
实体类
order
package com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItem=new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItem() {
return orderItem;
}
public void setOrderItem(List<OrderItem> orderItem) {
this.orderItem = orderItem;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItem=" + orderItem + "]";
}
public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo) {
super();
this.orderId = orderId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public Order() {
}
}
OrderItem
package com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
}
public OrderItem(Integer orderItemId, Integer productId, Integer quantity, Integer oid) {
super();
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
this.productId = productId;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.oid = oid;
}
public OrderItem() {
}
}
导入相关映射文件Order.hbm.xml和OrderItem.hbm.xml 并且在映射文件中进行关联关系维护
1:Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!-- 在映射文件中进行关联关系维护，这里描述的是一对多的关系 -->
<bag name="orderItem" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据。然后形成list集合填充到orderItem属性中-->
<one-to-many class="com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem" />
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<!-- 在映射文件中进行关联关系维护，这里描述的是多对一的关系 -->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml核心配置文件中添加
<mapping resource="com/Liuyujian/one/there/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/Liuyujian/one/there/entity/Orderitem.hbm.xml"/>
利用junit测试DemoDao
DemoDao
package com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.Order;
import com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem;
import com.Liuyujian.one.utitl.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
// if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
// Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
// }
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItem()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
DemoDaoTest
package com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.Liuyujian.one.test.delDemo;
import com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.Order;
import com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao dao=new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderNo("liuyujian");
OrderItem oi=null;
for( int i=0;i<3 ;i++) {
oi =new OrderItem();
oi.setOrder(order);
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
order.getOrderItem().add(oi);
}
dao.addOrder(order);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi=null;
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
for( int i=0;i<3 ;i++) {
oi =new OrderItem();
oi.setOrder(order);
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
order.getOrderItem().add(oi);
dao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
}
/**
* 懒加载
* failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
* com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.Order.orderItem,
* could not initialize proxy - no Session
*
* OrderNo来自于t_hibernate_order表
* OrderItem来自t_hibernate_order_item表
*
* hibernate默认策略：不查询关联关系对应关联表
*/
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(10);
order.setOrderId(10);
order.setIninChildren(0);
Order o = this.dao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItem());
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = this.dao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItem());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
this.dao.delOrder(order);
}
}
增加的时候报错,错误显示oid被重复映射
报错代码：
Repeated column in mapping for entity: com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem column: oid (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false")
解决方法:在一个oid上加 insert=“false” update=“false”
添加订单之后的结果:
添加单项
(二)、hibernate的懒加载问题
hibernate的懒加载是hibernate3之后才出现的
思考:
查一张表的效率高还是两张高？
hibernate默认的策略:是不查询关联关系对应关联表的数据的
解决方法,将默认的策略修改:lazy=false
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItem" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据。然后形成list集合填充到orderItem属性中-->
<one-to-many class="com.Liuyujian.one.there.entity.OrderItem" />
</bag>
弊端:如果说将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false,那么在查询多条数据的情况下是非常影响性能的
思考:
查单个需要关闭懒加载:目的是需要加载出关联表的数据
查多个不能关闭懒加载:加载关联表的数据的查询次数过多
较好的处理反法,添加一个开关，来控制懒加载
private Integer ininChildren=1;//1.代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭懒加载
控制懒加载的方法
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getIninChildren())) {
//0代表程序员想要关闭懒加载，也就意味着需要强制加载关联关系
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItem());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItem());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
再调用testGetOrderList方法
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