Ubuntu16.04配置软raid

Ubuntu16.04配置软raid

1.查看磁盘情况

这里推荐两种查看磁盘情况的命令：

# 1.使用fdisk -l查看磁盘

root@local:/home/data# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/loop0: 55.39 MiB, 58073088 bytes, 113424 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 69.9 MiB, 73277440 bytes, 143120 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 31.9 MiB, 32600064 bytes, 63672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sde: 14.57 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors
Disk model: ST16000NM000J-2T
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/sdc: 14.57 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors
Disk model: ST16000NM000J-2T
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 14.57 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors
Disk model: ST16000NM000J-2T
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 870
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: A73AF7A2-5DD9-473C-90BE-4E1A3384F04C

Device       Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048    1050623    1048576  512M EFI System
/dev/sda2  1050624    3147775    2097152    1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  3147776 1953521663 1950373888  930G Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdf: 14.57 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors
Disk model: ST16000NM000J-2T
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdd: 14.57 TiB, 16000900661248 bytes, 31251759104 sectors
Disk model: ST16000NM000J-2T
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
# 这里就可以看到，这个查看到的磁盘信息非常的全面，比如能查到磁盘的挂载目录，磁盘的详细分区等等非常全面的信息

# 2.使用lsblk查看磁盘情况
root@local:/home/data# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0                       7:0    0  55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1944
loop1                       7:1    0  69.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/19188
loop2                       7:2    0  31.1M  1 loop /snap/snapd/10707
sda                         8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                      8:2    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0   930G  0 part
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0   200G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0  14.6T  0 disk
sdc                         8:32   0  14.6T  0 disk
sdd                         8:48   0  14.6T  0 disk
sde                         8:64   0  14.6T  0 disk
sdf                         8:80   0  14.6T  0 disk

# 这里就可以看到，lsblk查看的是设备信息，虽然简洁明了，但是查不到例如谁是主分区等信息等等。。。

2.进行磁盘分区

这里在进行磁盘分区的时也推荐两个方法

# 1.首先是最简单明了，所有linux都可用的分区方法 fdisk /dev/sdb
fdisk /dev/sdb
# 输入n创建新的分区
# 输入p创建主分区
# 输入p查看分区设置
# 输入w保存修改
# 这个fdisk如果修改失误了可以随时输入q退出修改不保存
# 但是这个fdisk也有一个非常致命的缺点，就是当磁盘容量大于2TB的时候，分区的大小默认最大值就是2TB，也就是只能给你分区出来一个个2TB的分区，局限性很强

# 2.当磁盘容量很大的时候，这里推荐使用parted进行分区或者Gpart可以根据个人喜好来使用
parted /dev/sdc
# 当你进入分区时，你感到迷茫可以输入一个help，就会告诉你所有的用法
(parted) help
  align-check TYPE N                       check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices,
        free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright
        information of GNU Parted

# 接下来开始分区
root@local:/home/data# parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel GPT	# 输入这个给分区打个标签
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%		# 创建主分区，将全部空间都分给主分区
(parted) print			# 打印出分区情况
Model: ATA ST16000NM000J-2T (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 16.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  16.0TB  16.0TB               primary

(parted) quit			# 退出分区
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.		# 提示你别忘了更新fstab

# 分区完了可以用lsblk检查一下或者fdisk -l

3.创建raid阵列

按照上述方法为所有需要分区的磁盘分区完事儿之后，我们就可以来创建软raid阵列了，这里以创建raid5阵列为例

mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md5 --level=5 --raid-devices=5 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1

# --create --verbose /dev/md5------表示创建磁盘名/dev/md5
# --level=5------表示创建raid5阵列。（这里可以等于0表示创建raid0，等于1表示创建raid1）
# --raid-devices=5------表示将这5块分区都加到raid阵列中去

# 等待创建完毕之后需要对磁盘进行格式化，一般采用ext4的文件模式
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/md5

# 看一下执行情况
root@local:/home/data# mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/md5
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Creating filesystem with 15625745408 4k blocks and 976609280 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3cd36c2e-66d5-4e3e-88ae-a372ff4cb62d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632,
        2560000000, 3855122432, 5804752896, 12800000000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

root@local:/home/data# echo $?
0
# 最后用echo $?打印上一次命令是否执行成功，0表示成功，1表示失败

# 格式化完毕之后就需要进行挂载了
mkdir -p /mnt/md5
mount /dev/md5 /mnt/md5
df -h
lsblk

4.保存raid

软raid阵列创建完毕之后需要对其进行保存，这样重启机器之后也会自动进行挂载，之前也提示过要更新fstab

mdadm --detail --scan | tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

update-initramfs -u

echo '/dev/md5 /mnt/md5 ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 0' | tee -a /etc/fstab

可以重启测试一下是否生效了。