Linux——搭建KVM环境

KVM虚拟化

一、安装所需软件

1.yum安装软件

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools virt-install qemu-img bridge-utils libvirt virt-manager

重新启动

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

2、查看CPU是否支持虚拟化（Intel的服务器）
AMD服务器可用cat /proc/cpumfo | grep smv命令查看

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo  | grep  vmx
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq vmx ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat tpr_shadow vnmi ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec

检查KVM模块是否安装

[root@localhost ~]# lsmod  | grep kvm
kvm_intel             170181  0 
kvm                   554609  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm

开启服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd

2.设置KVM网络

用户模式：即NAT方式，这种方式是默认网络，数据包由NAT方式通过主机的接口进行传送，可以访问外网，但是无法从外部访问虚拟机网络。
桥接模式：这种模式允许虚拟机像一台独立的主机一样拥有网络，外部的机器可以直接访冋到虚拟机内部，但需要网卡支持，一般有线网卡都支持。

1、设置网络桥接模式

[root@localhost ~]# cd  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33  ifcfg-br0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0

[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0 
TYPE=Bridge
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.30
GATEWAY=192.168.1.2
PREFIX=24
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DNS2=223.6.6.6
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes

2.重启network服务

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl):                        [  确定  ]

3.确认IP地址信息

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig 
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.30  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::cd0f:b59d:68e1:5ffb  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:1a:df  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 83  bytes 7042 (6.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 59  bytes 11171 (10.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:0c:29:dd:1a:df  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1292  bytes 113187 (110.5 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 690  bytes 105416 (102.9 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255
        ether 52:54:00:aa:1d:a1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

3.KVM管理
1.创建存储目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data_kvm/store /data_kvm/iso
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data_kvm/
[root@localhost data_kvm]# ls
iso  store

2、把镜像上传到服务器目录/data_kvm/iso

[root@localhost ~]# cp /dev/cdrom  /data_kvm/iso/

3、启动virt-manager工具

[root@localhost ~]# virt-manager

二、使用KVM命令集管理虚拟机

1、KVM基本功能管理
1、查看KVM的配置文件存放目录

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/libvirt/qemu
autostart  centos7.0.xml  networks

2、查看虚拟机状态

[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 1     centos7.0                      running

3、强制实例系统关闭电源

[root@localhost ~]# virsh  destroy centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被删除

4、通过配置文件启动虚拟机系统实例

[root@localhost ~]# virsh  create /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml 
域 centos7.0 被创建（从 /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml）
[root@localhost ~]# virsh  list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 3     centos7.0                      running

5、挂起虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh  suspend centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被挂起

6、恢复虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh  resume centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被重新恢复
[root@localhost ~]# virsh  list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 3     centos7.0                      running

7、配置虚拟机实例伴随宿主机自动启动

[root@localhost ~]# virsh autostart centos7.0
域 centos7.0标记为自动开始

8、导出虚拟机配置

[root@localhost ~]# virsh dumpxml centos7.0 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml 

9、删除虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown centos7.0
域 centos7.0 被关闭

[root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine centos7.0
域 centos7.0 已经被取消定义

10、通过备份的配置文件重新定义虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/libvirt/qemu/
[root@localhost qemu]# mv centos7.3.xml  centos7.0.xml 
[root@localhost qemu]# virsh define centos7.0.xml 
定义域 centos7.0（从 centos7.0.xml）

[root@localhost qemu]# virsh list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 -     centos7.0                      关闭

11、修改虚拟机配置信息
通过vim命令修改

[root@localhost qemu]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.0.xml 

通过virsh命令修改

[root@localhost qemu]# virsh edit centos7.0

2、KVM文件管理
1、查看当前磁盘格式

[root@localhost ~]# qemu-img  info /data_kvm/store/admin.kvm
image: /data_kvm/store/admin.kvm
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 9.0G (9663676416 bytes)
disk size: 4.1G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    lazy refcounts: true

2、虚拟机克隆

[root@localhost ~]# virt-clone -o centos7.0 -n centos7.3 -f /data_kvm/store/centos7.3.qcow2
正在分配 'centos7.3.qcow2'                                      | 9.0 GB  00:01:50     

成功克隆 'centos7.3'。
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------
 -     centos7.0                      关闭
 -     centos7.3                      关闭

3、虚拟机快照

[root@localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-create centos7.0
已生成域快照 1590591281

查看快照信息

[root@localhost ~]# virsh snapshot-list centos7.0
 名称               生成时间              状态
------------------------------------------------------------
 1590591281           2020-05-27 22:54:41 +0800 running

恢复虚拟机状态，查看虚拟机快照版本信息

[root@localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-revert centos7.0  1590591726

[root@localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-current centos7.0
<domainsnapshot>
  <name>1590591726</name>
  <state>running</state>
  <parent>
    <name>1590591281</name>
  </parent>

删除快照

[root@localhost data_kvm]# virsh snapshot-delete centos7.0 1590591726
已删除域快照 1590591726