springmvc部分要点笔记

RequestMapping

一、参数

value

method(get post delete put)

(异常 404 资源不存在 405 参数有问题 500程序有异常)、

params 参数是强制限定请求参数的名称或者值，或者名称和值

二、请求风格

传统url：localhost：8080/hello?id=12&name=tom

restful url : localhost：8080/hello/12/tom

@RequestMapping("/test2/{id}/{name}")
public String test2(@PathVariable("id") Integer id ,@PathVariable("name") String name){
    System.out.println("name : " + name + "id : " + id);
    return SUCCESS;
}

三、映射cookie

@RequestMapping("/getcookie")
public String test3(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String sessionId){
    System.out.println("JSESSIONID" + sessionId);
    return SUCCESS;
}

四、获取模型对象数据

直接在方法参数中定义一个pojo变量，支持级联赋值

@RequestMapping("/adduser")
public String test4(User user){
    System.out.println(user);
    return SUCCESS;
}

<form action="/hello/adduser" method="post">
    <table>
        <tr><td>姓名：</td><td><input type="text" name="name"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>id :</td><td><input type="text" name="id"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>编码 :</td><td><input type="text" name="address.code"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>值 :</td><td><input type="text" name="address.value"></td></tr>
        <tr><td></td><td><input type="submit" value="提交"></td></tr>
    </table>
</form>

支持级联赋值，但必须要求包含的类有无参构造，否则无法创建会出现下面异常

org.springframework.beans.NullValueInNestedPathException: Invalid property 'address' of bean class [com.zw.entity.User]: Could not instantiate property type [com.zw.entity.Address] to auto-grow nested property path; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.zw.entity.Address.<init>()

乱码问题解决：

<filter>
  <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

五、重定向

redirect:物理路径

forward：物理路径

否则会无限次重新访问

@RequestMapping("/test2/{id}/{name}")
public String test2(@PathVariable("id") Integer id ,@PathVariable("name") String name){
    System.out.println("name : " + name + "id : " + id);
    return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}

@RequestMapping("/test2/{id}/{name}")
public String test2(@PathVariable("id") Integer id ,@PathVariable("name") String name){
    System.out.println("name : " + name + "id : " + id);
    return "forward:/index.jsp";
}

数据绑定

基本数据类型

这里的请求id不能为空

http://localhost:8080/hello/baseType?id=12

@RequestMapping("/baseType")
@ResponseBody
public String test5(int id){
    return "id:"+id;
}

http://localhost:8080/hello/baseType

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http://localhost:8080/hello/baseType?id=a

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包装类

@RequestMapping("/packageType")
@ResponseBody
public String test6(Integer id){
    return "id:"+id;
}

请求参数可以为空显示为null

@RequestMapping("/paramrequire")
@ResponseBody
public String test7(@RequestParam(value = "id",required = true,defaultValue = "0") Integer id){
    return "id:"+id;
}

设置requestParam注解参数，设置其为必须，默认值为0

数组绑定

把请求参数中的names属性都添加到数组中去

@RequestMapping("/arrayType")
@ResponseBody
public String test8(String[] names){
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    for(String name : names)
    {
        buffer.append(name+" ");
    }
    return buffer.toString();
}

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绑定对象

@Data
public class User {
    private Integer id ;
    private String name ;
    private Address address;
}

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Address {
    private Integer code ;
    private String value;
}

@RequestMapping("/adduser")
@ResponseBody
public String test4(User user){
    System.out.println(user);
    return user.toString();
}

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解决乱码问题:

添加一个类似于response中的Encoding的方法，这是是在mvc命名空间中的注解驱动里加一个消息转换器

<mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:message-converters>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" id="converter">
            <property name="supportedMediaTypes" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>

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<filter>
  <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

这里是添加一个过滤器，来防止接受请求时候乱码，而以上消息转换器是在返回给客户端信息时候防止乱码

封装集合

不接受list类型的直接转换，需要建立一个list包装类

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.List;

@Data
public class UserList {
    private List<User> users;
}

这里users

@RequestMapping("/listType")
@ResponseBody
public String test9(UserList users){
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    for(User user : users.getUsers()){
        buffer.append(user.toString());
    }
    return buffer.toString();
}

这里的users

<form action="/hello/listType" method="post">
    <table>
        <tr><td>用户1姓名：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[0].name"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>用户1id：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[0].id"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>用户2姓名：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[1].name"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>用户2id：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[1].id"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>用户3姓名：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[2].name"></td></tr>
        <tr><td>用户3id：</td><td><input type="text" name="users[2].id"></td></tr>
        <tr><td></td><td><input type="submit" value="提交"></td></tr>
    </table>
</form>

这里的users

要对应，否则无法按名称找到相应集合进行映射

另外User必须要有无参数构造，因为Userlist里的list集合需要无参构造进行对象的创建

JSON格式的封装

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<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

以上两个步骤是让jqury可以使用，否则会因为找不到jq文件导致无法js无法访问api

$(function (){
    var user = {"id":1,
                "name":"王二马子"};
    $.ajax({
        type:"POST",
        url:"/hello/jasonType",
        data:JSON.stringify(user),
        contentType:"application/json;charser=UTF-8",
        <!--这个注解不能省略，告诉服务器发送的数据类型是json，且用UTF—8解码-->
        success:function (data) {
            var obj = eval("("+data+")");
            alert(obj.name+obj.id);
        },
        dataType:"text"
    })
});

$(function (){
    var user = {"id":1,
                "name":"王二马子"};
    $.ajax({
        type:"POST",
        url:"/hello/jasonType",
        data:JSON.stringify(user),
        
        contentType:"application/json;charser=UTF-8",
        success:function (data) {
            alert(data.name+data.id);
        },
        dataType:"json"
    })
});

前端传输需要的代码

另外需要配置转换器，阿里提供的

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.76</version>
</dependency>

<bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter" id="converter2"/>

否则无法进入方法，因为发送过来的数据是json格式，所以需要转换器来转换成对象。还需要@RequestBody对参数进行注解

@RequestMapping("/jasonType")
@ResponseBody
public User test10(@RequestBody User user){
    System.out.println(user+"经过了");
    return user;
}

• 小结：

@RequestBody是把请求域中数据转化为对象

@ResponseBody是把方法结果转化为数据返回给客户端

即这两者是用来标记传输数据的

视图层解析

• Map
• Model
• ModelAndView
• @SessionAttribute
• @ModelAttribute
• Servlet API

@RequestMapping("/map")
public String mapParm(Map<String ,Object> map){
    map.put("user", new User(13, "王"));
    return "show";
}

@RequestMapping("/model")
public String modelParm(Model model){
    model.addAttribute("user",new User(45,"宇文成都"));
    return "show";
}

@RequestMapping("/mav1")
public ModelAndView mdvwParm(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
    modelAndView.addObject("user",new User(88,"李云龙"));
    modelAndView.setViewName("show");
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav2")
public ModelAndView mdvwParm2(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
    modelAndView.setView(new InternalResourceView("/views/show.jsp"));
    modelAndView.addObject("user",new User(98,"张飞"));
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav3")
public ModelAndView mdvwParm3(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("show");
    modelAndView.addObject("user",new User(33,"柳如海"));
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav4")
public ModelAndView mdvParm4(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(new InternalResourceView("/views/show.jsp"));
    modelAndView.addObject("user",new User(56,"理想"));
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav5")
public ModelAndView mdvParm5(){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("user",new User(34,"张二蛋"));
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("show",map);
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav6")
public ModelAndView mdvParm6(){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("user",new User(44,"李刚"));
    View view = new InternalResourceView("/views/show.jsp");
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(view,map);
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav7")
public ModelAndView mdvParm7(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("show","user",new User(65,"马非"));
    return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/mav8")
public ModelAndView mdvParm8(){
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(new InternalResourceView("/views/show.jsp"),
            "user",new User(68,"罗翔"));
    return modelAndView;
}

页面jq取值方式

${requestScope.user}

HttpServletRequest

直接用原生api

@RequestMapping("/request")
public String reqParm(HttpServletRequest request){
    request.setAttribute("user",new User(99,"弯弯"));
    return "show";
}

@ModelAttribute

@ModelAttribute
public User getUser(){
    User user = new User(55, "npc");
    return user;
}

@RequestMapping("/mavget")
public String mavgetdata(){
    return "show";
}

课程上说ma注解方法返回值会默认覆盖其他方法的任何返回值，但是实际上实验并没有成功，可能是版本原因，先备注以下

@ModelAttribute
public void getUser(Model model){
    User user = new User(55,"孙楠");
    model.addAttribute("user",user);
}

这个void返回值的方法也是一样除了能够覆盖request原生方法的user，其他都不行，有待核实！！！

理论上来讲第二种的优先级更高，也就是jsp能够取到最终值

HttpServletSession

@RequestMapping("/session")
public String insertSession(HttpSession session){
    session.setAttribute("user",new User(98,"张无忌"));
    return "show";
}

第一种方式，通过参数直接注入

第二种：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/view")
@SessionAttributes(value = {"user","student"})
public class ViewHandler
    
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/view")
@SessionAttributes(types = {User.class,Student.class})
public class ViewHandler

直接在类上注解SessionAttribute设定key值，那么传入request时候会自动保存一份到sessionscope里

Converter转换器的注册和使用（用于转换，handleradapter无法转换的自定数据）

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    private Integer id ;
    private String name ;
    private Integer age ;
}

<form action="/convert/student" method="post">
    学生 ： <input type="text" name="student"/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>

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对于特殊格式的数据HandlerAdapter无法自动转化，需要自己定义相应的转换器Converter

首先要根据自己的bean编写一个类来继承springmvc提供的接口org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter

import com.zw.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;

public class StudentConverter implements Converter<String, Student> {
    @Override
    public Student convert(String s) {
        String[] strings = s.split("-");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(Integer.parseInt(strings[0]));
        student.setName(strings[1]);
        student.setAge(Integer.parseInt(strings[2]));
        return student;
    }
}

在springmvc中注册

记住无法直接注册，必须先注册一个org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean，这个类将会把所有的实现的Conerter集中管理

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
    <property name="converters">
        <list>
            <bean class="com.zw.convert.DateConverter">
                <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="yyyy-MM-dd"></constructor-arg>
            </bean>
            <bean class="com.zw.convert.StudentConverter"></bean>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

然后把covertsionService注册到mvc中

    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService">
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" id="converter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter" id="converter2"/>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

package com.zw.controller;

import com.zw.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.Date;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/convert")
public class ConvertData {
    @RequestMapping("/date")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getDate(Date date){
        System.out.println(date);
        return date.toString() ;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/student")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getStudent(Student student){
        return student.toString();
    }
}

后端逻辑代码

注意：

<mvc:annotation-driven>
   
</mvc:annotation-driven>

不能重复配置多个driven否则第二个会覆盖第一个

另：

@RequestMapping("/student")
@ResponseBody
public Student getStudent(Student student, HttpServletResponse resp){
    resp.setContentType("text/json; charset=UTF-8");
    return student;
}

想要返回的jason数据，不乱码必须在resp里设置编码方式（springboot里会解决这个问题）

springmvc 与 restful的集成

Representational State Transfer restful

• Resoucres

URI统一资源定位符，资源全网唯一地址

• Pepresentation

资源的表现形式

• State Transfer

资源不同存在形式的转换

传统url :http://localhost:8080/action?id=1

restful：http://localhost:8080/action/id/1 配合POST GET DELETE PUT进行相应操作

需要注意必须先配置filter，否则方法无法解析

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<filter>
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/restful")
public class RestHandler {

    @ModelAttribute
    public Student getByid(Student student){
        student.setAge(15);
        student.setName("王八大");
        return student;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/get",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Student getS(Student student){
        System.out.println(student);
        return student;
    }

    @PostMapping (value = "/post")
    @ResponseBody