文章目录
Apache-POI
基本功能
结构:
- HSSF—提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能
- XSSF—提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML格式档案的功能
- HWPF—提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能
- HSLF—提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能
- HDGF—提供读写Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能
文件解压文件读取通过文件形式
避免将全部数据一次加载到内存
采用sax模式一行一行解析，并将一行的解析结果以观察者的模式通知处理。
POI-Excel写
<!--xls(03)-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>4.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--xlsx(07)-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--日期格式化工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
public static void testWrite07() throws IOException {
// 1 创建一个工作傅
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
// Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 2 创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("路小白观众统计表");
// 3 创建一个行
Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
// 4 创建一个单元格
// (1,1)
Cell cell11 = row1.createCell(0);
cell11.setCellValue("今日新增观众");
// (1,2)
Cell cell12 = row1.createCell(1);
cell12.setCellValue(666);
Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
Cell coll21 = row2.createCell(0);
coll21.setCellValue("统计时间:");
Cell coll22 = row2.createCell(1);
String time = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
coll22.setCellValue(time);
// 生成一张表 07版本使用xlsx结尾\03版本使用xls结尾
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "路小白07.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
//关闭流
fileOutputStream.close();
System.out.println("Excel生成完毕");
}
03版本VS07版本
大文件写HSSF
03版本
缺点:最多只能处理65535行,否则会抛出异常
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid row number (65536) outside allowable range (0..65535)
优点:过程中写入缓存,不操作磁盘,最后一次性写入磁盘,速度快
public static void testWrite03BigDate() {
// 时间
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
for (int i = 0; i < 65536; i++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(i);
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
cell.setCellValue(j);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
try {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream= new FileOutputStream(PATH + "路小白03.xls");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println(">>>" + end);
}
大文件写XSSF
07版本
缺点:写数据时速度快非常慢,非常耗内存,也会发生内存溢出,如100万条
优点:可以写较大的数据量,如20万条
public static void testWrite03BigDate() {
// 时间
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
for (int i = 0; i < 35537; i++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(i);
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
cell.setCellValue(j);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
try {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream= new FileOutputStream(PATH + "路小白03.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println(">>>" + end);
}
大文件写SXSSF
优点:可以写非常大的数据量,如100万条甚至更多条,写数据速度快,占用更少的内存
注意:
- 过程中会产生临时文件,需要清理临时文件
- 默认由100条记录杯保存在内存中,如果超过这个数量,则最前面的数据被写入临时文件
- 如果想自定义内存中数据的数量,可以使用new SXSSFWorkbook(数量)
SXSSFWorkbook来至官方的解释:实现“BigGridDem”策略的流式XSS Workbook版本.这允许写入非常大的文件而不会耗尽内存,因为任何时候只有可配置的行部分被保存在内存中.
public static void testWrite03BigDate() {
// 时间
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
Workbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
for (int i = 0; i < 65537; i++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(i);
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
cell.setCellValue(j);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
try {
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream= new FileOutputStream(PATH + "路小白07.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
//清除临时文件
((SXSSFWorkbook) workbook).dispose();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println(">>>" + end);
}
POI-Excel读
public static void testRead() throws Exception {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "路小白.xls");
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
Cell cell = row.getCell(1);
System.out.println(cell.getNumericCellValue());
fileInputStream.close();
}
注意获取值的类型
读取不同的类型
// 读取不同的数据类型
public void testReactCellType() throws Exception {
// 获取文件流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "路小白.xls");
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
// 获取标题内容
Row rowtitle = sheet.getRow(0);
if (rowtitle != null) {
int cellCount = rowtitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
Cell cell = rowtitle.getCell(cellNum);
if (cell != null) {
String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
System.out.println(cellValue + " | ");
}
}
System.out.println();
}
// 获取表中内容
int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < rowCount; rowNum++) {
Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
if (row != null) {
// 读取列
int cellCount = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
System.out.println("[" + (rowNum + 1) + "-" + (cellNum + 1) + "]");
Cell cell = row.getCell(cellNum);
// 匹配列的数据类型
if (cell != null) {
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
String cellValue = "";
switch (cellType) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING: // 字符串
System.out.println("[String]");
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:// 布尔
System.out.println("[BOOLEAN");
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:// 空
System.out.println("[BANK]");
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:// 数字(日期、普通数字)
System.out.println("[NUMRIC]");
if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {// 日期
System.out.println("日期");
Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
cellValue = new DateTime(date).toString();
} else {
// 不是日期格式,防止数字过长
System.out.println("[转换为字符串输出]");
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cellValue = cell.toString();
}
break;
}
System.out.println(cellValue);
}
}
}
}
fileInputStream.close();
}
计算公式
public void testFormula(FileInputStream fileInputStream) throws Exception{
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
Row row = sheet.getRow(4);
Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
//拿到计算公式 eval
FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) workbook);
//输出单元格内容
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
switch (cellType) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA://公式
String formula = cell.getCellFormula();
System.out.println(formula);
//计算
CellValue evaluate = formulaEvaluator.evaluate(cell);
String cellValue = evaluate.formatAsString();
System.out.println(cellValue);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
alibaba-easyExcel
https://github.com/alibaba/easyexcel
https://www.yuque.com/easyexcel/doc/about
EasyExcel是阿里巴巴开源的一个excel处理框架,以使用简单、节省内存著称
Easy Excel能大大减少占用内存的主要原因是在解析Excel时没有将文件数据一次性全部加载到内存中,而是从磁盘上一行行读取数据,逐个解析
public static List<DemoData> init() {
List<DemoData> list = new ArrayList<DemoData>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
DemoData data = new DemoData();
data.setString("字符串" + i);
data.setDate(new Date());
data.setDoubleData(0.56);
list.add(data);
}
return list;
}
public static void simpleWrite() {
// 写法1
String fileName = PATH + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写，然后写到第一个sheet，名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭
// 如果这里想使用03 则 传入excelType参数即可
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(init());
// 写法2
fileName = PATH + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写
ExcelWriter excelWriter = null;
try {
excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).build();
WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet("模板").build();
excelWriter.write(init(), writeSheet);
} finally {
// 千万别忘记finish 会帮忙关闭流
if (excelWriter != null) {
excelWriter.finish();
}
}
}
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