keepalived高可用+负载均衡（nat）

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 21:58:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 21:58:44 发布

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文章标签： linux keepalived 高可用、负载均衡

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45284355/article/details/103055649

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实验准备7台虚拟机，一台数据库，一台nfx服务器，两台web服务器，两台调度器，一台客户端；
ip分配如下：
MySQL：192.168.4.5
nfs：192.168.4.6
web1：192.168.4.11
web2：192.168.4.12
proxy1：192.168.4.21/192.168.2.21
proxy2：192.168.4.22/192.168.2.22
client： 192.168.2.7
vip： 192.168.2.66
dip：192.168.4.66（给web提供固定网关）

1、数据库环境、安装mariadb数据库

[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server.x86_64 
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service

2、nfs环境搭建，安装nfs，设置权限

[root@nfs ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils.x86_64 
[root@nfs /]# tar -xf wordpress-4.9-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /
[root@nfs /]# ls wordpress
index.php        wp-admin              wp-content         wp-load.php      wp-signup.php
license.txt      wp-blog-header.php    wp-cron.php        wp-login.php     wp-trackback.php
readme.html      wp-comments-post.php  wp-includes        wp-mail.php      xmlrpc.php
wp-activate.php  wp-config-sample.php  wp-links-opml.php  wp-settings.php
[root@nfs /]# chmod -R 777 wordpress
[root@nfs ~]# echo "/wordpress 192.168.4.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)" >>  /etc/exports
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/wordpress 192.168.4.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs.service 
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl enable nfs.service

3、web1、web2上分别安装nginx及相关依赖包（以下以web1为例，在web2上进行同样的操作）

[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64
[root@web1 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@web1 ~]# cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
   ...
 location / {
            root   html;
            index index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
   ...
 location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            include        fastcgi.conf;
        }
   ...
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install nfs-utils.x86_64
[root@web1 nginx-1.12.2]# mount 192.168.4.6:/wordpress  /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install php php-mysql.x86_64 php-fpm-5.4.16-46.el7.x86_64.rpm mariadb-devel.x86_64 
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service 
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service 
[root@web1 ~]# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local 
[root@web1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.local

web环境搭好了测试一下，如图所示则没问题（访问4.11或者4.12都要有页面）
在这里插入图片描述
4、proxy1、proxy2上分别安装keepalived（以下以proxy1为例，在proxy2上进行同样类似操作）

[root@proxy1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived.x86_64  
[root@proxy1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
        vrrp_iptables
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_1
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 50
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass dip
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.4.66
    }
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wordpress
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.2.66
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.2.66 80 {
delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind NAT
 #    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.4.11 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.4.12 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@proxy1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service 
[root@proxy1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward   #临时打开路由模式
[root@proxy1 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf   #写入配置文件永久启用路由模式
[root@proxy1 ~]# ip a s      #此刻proxy1为主，eth0、eth1分别有虚拟ip，一个做固定dip，一个做vip
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:33:f0:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.4.21/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.4.66/32 scope global eth0
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:33:f0:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.21/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.2.66/32 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@proxy2 ~]# ip a s     #proxy1为主时proxy2只有物理ip
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:46:18:94 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.4.22/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:46:18:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.22/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@proxy1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service 
[root@proxy1 ~]# ip a s   #关闭主keepalived后，备升为主， 相应的dip、vip也浮动到proxy2上
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:33:f0:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.4.21/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:33:f0:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.21/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@proxy2 ~]# ip a s 
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:46:18:94 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.4.22/24 brd 192.168.4.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.4.66/32 scope global eth0
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:46:18:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.2.22/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.2.66/32 scope global eth1

检查web1、web2上分别设置了路由，且为dip，

[root@web1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.4.66    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
192.168.4.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

[root@web2 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.4.66    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
192.168.4.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

访问192.168.2.66，无论关闭proxy1，还是proxy2，只要不同时关闭都能正常访问。说明，keepalived的vrrp测试有效

在这里插入图片描述
接下来就是在数据库里建库，给keepalived使用的用户

[root@mysql ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress character set utf8mb4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to admin@'%' identified by 'wordpress';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit 
Bye

在这里插入图片描述

接下来登入进去就可以创建网站了。

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keepalived高可用+负载均衡（nat）

实验准备7台虚拟机，一台数据库，一台nfx服务器，两台web服务器，两台调度器，一台客户端；1、数据库环境、安装mariadb数据库[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server.x86_64 [root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service [root@mysql ~]# sys...
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