Linux-Select上层调用到内核实现流程

1、select简介

文章中的内核文件基于2.6.2版本内核。

头文件：

#include <sys/select.h>

select应用层的使用：select简单使用及其Demo

2、调用逻辑

2.1、应用层调用select函数

int select (int maxfd + 1,fd_set *readset,fd_set *writeset,
            fd_set *exceptset,const struct timeval * timeout);

2.2、调用系统的sys_select函数

以下代码为内核2.6.2内核源码

asmlinkage long
sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp, fd_set __user *exp, struct timeval __user *tvp)
{
	fd_set_bits fds;
	char *bits;
	long timeout;
	int ret, size, max_fdset;

	timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
	if (tvp) {
		time_t sec, usec;

		if ((ret = verify_area(VERIFY_READ, tvp, sizeof(*tvp)))
		    || (ret = __get_user(sec, &tvp->tv_sec))
		    || (ret = __get_user(usec, &tvp->tv_usec)))
			goto out_nofds;

		ret = -EINVAL;
		if (sec < 0 || usec < 0)
			goto out_nofds;

		if ((unsigned long) sec < MAX_SELECT_SECONDS) {
			timeout = ROUND_UP(usec, 1000000/HZ);
			timeout += sec * (unsigned long) HZ;
		}
	}

	ret = -EINVAL;
	if (n < 0)
		goto out_nofds;

	/* max_fdset can increase, so grab it once to avoid race */
	max_fdset = current->files->max_fdset;
	if (n > max_fdset)
		n = max_fdset;

	/*
	 * We need 6 bitmaps (in/out/ex for both incoming and outgoing),
	 * since we used fdset we need to allocate memory in units of
	 * long-words. 
	 */
	ret = -ENOMEM;
	size = FDS_BYTES(n);
	bits = select_bits_alloc(size);
	if (!bits)
		goto out_nofds;
	fds.in      = (unsigned long *)  bits;
	fds.out     = (unsigned long *) (bits +   size);
	fds.ex      = (unsigned long *) (bits + 2*size);
	fds.res_in  = (unsigned long *) (bits + 3*size);
	fds.res_out = (unsigned long *) (bits + 4*size);
	fds.res_ex  = (unsigned long *) (bits + 5*size);

	if ((ret = get_fd_set(n, inp, fds.in)) ||
	    (ret = get_fd_set(n, outp, fds.out)) ||
	    (ret = get_fd_set(n, exp, fds.ex)))
		goto out;
	zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_in);
	zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_out);
	zero_fd_set(n, fds.res_ex);

	ret = do_select(n, &fds, &timeout);

	if (tvp && !(current->personality & STICKY_TIMEOUTS)) {
		time_t sec = 0, usec = 0;
		if (timeout) {
			sec = timeout / HZ;
			usec = timeout % HZ;
			usec *= (1000000/HZ);
		}
		put_user(sec, &tvp->tv_sec);
		put_user(usec, &tvp->tv_usec);
	}

	if (ret < 0)
		goto out;
	if (!ret) {
		ret = -ERESTARTNOHAND;
		if (signal_pending(current))
			goto out;
		ret = 0;
	}

	set_fd_set(n, inp, fds.res_in);
	set_fd_set(n, outp, fds.res_out);
	set_fd_set(n, exp, fds.res_ex);

out:
	select_bits_free(bits, size);
out_nofds:
	return ret;
}

在以上代码中最主要的功能是调用do_select(n, &fds, &timeout)

2.3、系统的sys_select调用do_select

int do_select(int n, fd_set_bits *fds, long *timeout)
{
	struct poll_wqueues table;
	poll_table *wait;
	int retval, i;
	long __timeout = *timeout;

 	spin_lock(&current->files->file_lock);
	retval = max_select_fd(n, fds);
	spin_unlock(&current->files->file_lock);

	if (retval < 0)
		return retval;
	n = retval;

	poll_initwait(&table);
	wait = &table.pt;
	if (!__timeout)
		wait = NULL;
	retval = 0;
	for (;;) {
		unsigned long *rinp, *routp, *rexp, *inp, *outp, *exp;

		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);

		inp = fds->in; outp = fds->out; exp = fds->ex;
		rinp = fds->res_in; routp = fds->res_out; rexp = fds->res_ex;

		for (i = 0; i < n; ++rinp, ++routp, ++rexp) {
			unsigned long in, out, ex, all_bits, bit = 1, mask, j;
			unsigned long res_in = 0, res_out = 0, res_ex = 0;
			struct file_operations *f_op = NULL;
			struct file *file = NULL;

			in = *inp++; out = *outp++; ex = *exp++;
			all_bits = in | out | ex;
			if (all_bits == 0) {
				i += __NFDBITS;
				continue;
			}

			for (j = 0; j < __NFDBITS; ++j, ++i, bit <<= 1) {
				if (i >= n)
					break;
				if (!(bit & all_bits))
					continue;
				file = fget(i);
				if (file) {
					f_op = file->f_op;
					mask = DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
					if (f_op && f_op->poll)
						mask = (*f_op->poll)(file, retval ? NULL : wait);
					fput(file);
					if ((mask & POLLIN_SET) && (in & bit)) {
						res_in |= bit;
						retval++;
					}
					if ((mask & POLLOUT_SET) && (out & bit)) {
						res_out |= bit;
						retval++;
					}
					if ((mask & POLLEX_SET) && (ex & bit)) {
						res_ex |= bit;
						retval++;
					}
				}
			}
			if (res_in)
				*rinp = res_in;
			if (res_out)
				*routp = res_out;
			if (res_ex)
				*rexp = res_ex;
		}
		wait = NULL;
		if (retval || !__timeout || signal_pending(current))
			break;
		if(table.error) {
			retval = table.error;
			break;
		}
		__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);
	}
	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);

	poll_freewait(&table);

	/*
	 * Up-to-date the caller timeout.
	 */
	*timeout = __timeout;
	return retval;
}

从这开始才是真的的select函数的实现。

在do_select函数中，从第二个参数fd_set_bits *fds我们可以发现，我们app层传入的fd_set *readset,fd_set *writeset,fd_set *exceptset这三个参数都整合到了fd_set_bits的指针中去了，所以我们在进行监听的时候这三个参数随便填一个就OK了。

之后进入这个函数，首先进行了监听个数（n）和超时时间（timeout）的判断，之后便进入了死循环中。

在这个死循环中我们还有还有一个for循环，在这个for循环中我们发现了我们select传入的第一个参数（监听的最大的FD加一），这也就解释我们为什么要给最大的fd加一的原因了（for循环中给轮询到上限所使用的）。

接着在这死循环中能引起返回的有两种情况：
①、发生错误时：

	if(table.error) {
			retval = table.error;
			break;

这里也就是我们调用select时错误返回的地方。

②、正确返回时：

if (retval || !__timeout || signal_pending(current))
			break;

在这个if判断中三种情况都能实现do_select的返回，第一：监听到有句柄有输入输出时的正确返回retval 。第二：超时返回__timeout ，第三：被信号打断导致返回signal_pending。