【多线程】线程池的创建和参数设定

为什么要使用线程池

在日常开发中为了提高代码运行效率，或多或少会用线程去执行异步任务，线程的创建和销毁是需要占用一定资源的。

首先我们看一下一个线程的创建步骤：

• 为线程堆栈分配和初始化大量内存块
• 需要进行系统调用，以便在主机OS中创建/注册本机线程
• 描述符需要创建、初始化并添加到JVM内部数据结构中

而池化技术的出现是为了重复利用已存在的线程，避免了频繁的创建和销毁。

线程池的初始化及参数

注意：线程池必须手动通过 ThreadPoolExecutor 的构造函数来声明，避免使用Executors 类的 newFixedThreadPool 和 newCachedThreadPool ，因为可能会有 OOM 的风险。

看下ThreadPoolExecutor中的构造方法

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial
     * parameters.
     *
     * @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
     *        if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
     * @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the
     *        pool
     * @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than
     *        the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads
     *        will wait for new tasks before terminating.
     * @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument
     * @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are
     *        executed.  This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable}
     *        tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method.
     * @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
     *        creates a new thread
     * @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
     *        because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br>
     *         {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br>
     *         {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br>
     *         {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br>
     *         {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue}
     *         or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null
     */
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue