部署python

一、在线安装python3

# centos等基于redhat系统
yum install python3 -y 
# ubuntu等基于Debian系统
apt install python3 -y 

二、conda 包管理器安装（推荐）

# 安装过程有交互步骤，需要阅读许可声明，确定安装目录
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && chmod +x Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && ./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate

列出可用的python版本

conda search "^python$"

创建conda环境，并安装配置python版本

conda create -n pyenv 3.10 python=3.10.14

激活环境

conda activate pyenv3.10

在conda 环境中更新 或修改 python 版本

conda update python    # 更新
conda install python=3.12.4   # 安装其他版本

列出所有的conda 环境

conda env list

删除环境

conda env remove -n pyenv3.8.5

3.源码编译安装

通过 PYTHON_VER 指定版本
本脚本下载python安装包使用的是华为云源地址 https://repo.huaweicloud.com/python
脚本内容如下:

#! /bin/bash
PYTHON_VER=3.10.2
SOURCE_DIR=/opt/source

function detect_pip_version {
  pip3 -V
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    echo "已存在pip3"
  else
    echo "pip3不存在，即将安装pip3"
    return 1
  fi
}

function deploy_python3 {
  echo "安装基础依赖"
  sudo yum groupinstall -y "Development Tools"  
  sudo yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    echo "基础依赖安装失败"
    exit 1
  fi 
  
  echo "下载Python安装包"
  if [ ! -d $SOURCE_DIR ];then
     mkdir -p $SOURCE_DIR
  fi
  wget -V
  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    yum install wget -y
  fi
       
  sudo wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/python/$PYTHON_VER/Python-$PYTHON_VER.tgz -P $SOURCE_DIR
  sudo tar -zxvf $SOURCE_DIR/Python-$PYTHON_VER.tgz  -C $SOURCE_DIR
  cd $SOURCE_DIR/Python-$PYTHON_VER
  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    echo "安装包下载或解压出现异常"
    exit 1
  fi
  
  echo "配置python"
  sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python$PYTHON_VER
  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    echo "环境配置出现异常"
    exit 1
  fi

  echo "编译、安装"
  sudo make -j $(nproc) && sudo make install
  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    echo " 编译安装出现异常"
    exit 1
  fi 
  echo " 配置python相关的环境变量 "
  echo "export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python$PYTHON_VER" >> /etc/profile  
  echo "export PATH=\$PYTHON_HOME/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile
  source /etc/profile

  pip3 -V
  if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    echo "python$PYTHON_VER 安装失败"
    exit 1
  else
    echo "python$PYTHON_VER 安装完成"
  fi
}

detect_pip_version
if [ $? -eq 1 ];then
   deploy_python3
   su - $USER
fi