Hibernate关联关系(一对多)
1 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联,那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项
class Order{
private List orderItems;
}
class OrderItem{
private Order order;
}
== hibernate:orm框架、以面向对象的思想操作数据库==
== 实体类–》表==
== 属性–》字段==
2 关联的分类
关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
关联是有方向的
例如:
建立订单到客户的多对一关联关系
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.javaxl.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
<!--1.注释 2.只读-->
<property name="cid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="cid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.chz.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
注意:在Hibernate当中定义实体对象的集合属性时,只能使用接口而不能使用类
3 创建POJO对象
Order类
package com.chz.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer order_id;
private String order_no;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
private Integer initChildren=0;//0代表默认懒加载,1代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public Integer getOrder_id() {
return order_id;
}
public void setOrder_id(Integer order_id) {
this.order_id = order_id;
}
public String getOrder_no() {
return order_no;
}
public void setOrder_no(String order_no) {
this.order_no = order_no;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [order_id=" + order_id + ", order_no=" + order_no + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
OrderItem类
package com.chz.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer order_item_id;
private Integer product_id;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Integer getOrder_item_id() {
return order_item_id;
}
public void setOrder_item_id(Integer order_item_id) {
this.order_item_id = order_item_id;
}
public Integer getProduct_id() {
return product_id;
}
public void setProduct_id(Integer product_id) {
this.product_id = product_id;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public OrderItem() {
super();
}
public OrderItem(Integer order_item_id, Integer product_id, Integer quantity, Integer oid) {
super();
this.order_item_id = order_item_id;
this.product_id = product_id;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.oid = oid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [order_item_id=" + order_item_id + ", product_id=" + product_id + ", quantity=" + quantity
+ ", oid=" + oid + "]";
}
}
4 创建操作数据库的方法类
package com.chz.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.chz.entity.Order;
import com.chz.entity.OrderItem;
import com.chz.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false,update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题(hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式)
* 1、查单个时存在问题,代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题,有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrder_id());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除,得先删除从表中对应信息,才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrder_id());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
5 配置 hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<!-- 配置数据库基本信息 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<!-- 配置Hibernate基本信息 -->
<!-- Hibernate使用的数据库方言 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle12cDialect</property> -->
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<!-- 执行操作时是否在控制台打印SQL -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- <property name="usessl">true</property> -->
<!-- 是否对打印的SQL进行格式化 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 指定自动生成数据表的策略 -->
<!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/chz/entity/Order.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/chz/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)?
添加hibernate相关依赖,在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)。
添加DTD支持,添加Hibernate的配置。
6 如何将多方映射成一个有序的集合
1, bag元素可以映射List集合,order-by属性还可以用来排序(asc升序|desc降序),其它和set元素的使用一样
<bag name="childMenus" inverse="true" lazy="true" outer-join="false" cascade="save-update" order-by="position asc">
<key column="super_menu_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="entity.Menu" />
</bag>
2,#insert属性设置中主控方概念理解:
3. 以客户和订单的一对多双向关联为例,讲解Set元素中的cascade|inverse|outter-join|lazy属性作用
3.1 lazy:默认值为true,true延迟加载,false立即加载(一般设置为true,不使用立即加载,因为影响查询性能)
3.2 outter-join:默认值为false,true使用左外联接查询关联的(但一般不用,因为当我们把该属性设置为true时,所有的查询语句都会默认左外联,那样性能不高)
3.3 inverse:默认值为false,true表示将对方设置为主控方(一对多双向关联中一般将多方设置为主控方,这样可以减少SQL语句的数量,减少多余的操作)
3.4 cascade:用来控制如何操作关联的持久化对象的
3.4.1 none:保存,更新或删除当前对象时,忽略其它关联的对象
3.4.2 save-update:保存、更新时级联保存所有的临时对象,并且级联更新关联的游离对象
3.4.3 delete:通过session的delete方法删除当前对象,级联删除关联的对象
3.4.4 all:等于save-update操作+delete操作
7 创建映射工具类
package com.chz.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static Session openSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session == null) {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
return session;
}
public static void closeSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
}
}
8 创建测试方法类
package com.chz.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.chz.entity.Order;
import com.chz.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demodao=new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrder_no("T235国王");
for (int i = 0; i <6; i++) {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProduct_id(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
oi.setOrder(order);
}
demodao.addOrder(order);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi=new OrderItem();
oi.setProduct_id(66);
oi.setQuantity(66);
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrder_id(11);
oi.setOrder(order);
demodao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrder_id(11);
Order o=demodao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrder_no());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orders=demodao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orders) {
System.out.println(order.getOrder_no());
// System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order ord=new Order();
ord.setOrder_id(11);
// System.out.println(order.getOrder_id().SIZE);
this.demodao.delOrder(ord);
}
}
9 测试结果
一对多的添加
testAddOrder测试
添加一个order
testAddOrderItem测试
添加多个orderItem
懒加载
testGetOrder测试
testGetOrder测试
testDelOrder测试
10 总结:
多方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作一致
一方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作有变化
D:删除一方之前先删除多方
C:级联操作
R:代码控制多方