springcloud入门
1、springcloud简介
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子,它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来,通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
关于springcloud一些相关资料
详细介绍:
springcloud项目官方主页
springcloud中文网有很详细的翻译文档
springcloud中文论坛
Springcloud版本pom文件生成可借助网站
原有的单体项目最终会被演化成下面
这样的架构解决了单体项目几点问题:
1、zuul网关解决了服务调用安全性的问题
2、服务注册与发现(注册中心)eureka解决了各层服务耦合问题,它是微服务架构的核心,有它才能将单体项目拆解成微服务架构
3、Eureka集群解决了微服务中,注册中心宕机产生的问题
4、Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务,减小了各微服务服务器的访问压力,默认采用了经典的轮询机制
5、熔断器Hystrix解决了,微服务架构中服务器雪崩现象
6、服务监控(单机Dashboard与集群turbine),方便运维人员查看微服务架构项目运行时,各个服务器的运行状态
7、服务配置中心(springcloud config),用来通过github统一管理各个微服务的配置文件(yml文件)
最简单的微服务架构会有四个工程
父工程:microservice
通用模块(M):microservice-common
服务提供者(C):microservice-student-provider-1001
服务消费者(C):microservice-student-consumer-80
微服务架构注意点:
1、springboot、springcloud版本在父工程定义;
2、由于通用模块无需操作数据库,springboot启动默认会读取数据库,所以得添加以下注解 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class});
3、分布式jpa需要在启动类上添加@EntityScan(“com.javaxl..”);
4、消费者需要添加配置类获取org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate,springcloud底层是通过RestTemplate来调用提供者的服务的。
传统项目拆分成微服务架构图
springcloud的版本
springcloud核心架构
springcloud组件架构
创建工程
首先创建父工程
工程名称及工程存放路径
finish后创建成功
导入pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.javachz</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<name>microservice</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Edgware.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
如果报以下错误
重新导入junit包,测试结果
创建通用模块microservice-common
next后随便勾选一个之后finish
导入pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.javachz</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<properties>
<druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
MicroserviceCommonApplication
注:@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
该注解的作用是,排除自动注入数据源的配置(取消数据库配置),一般使用在客户端(消费者)服务中
package com.javachz.microservicecommon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceCommonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceCommonApplication.class, args);
}
}
Student
package com.javachz.microservicecommon.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author 52hz
* @site www.javachz.com
* @company xxx公司
* @create 2020-01-08 15:38
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_springcloud_student")
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
@Column(length=50)
private String name;
@Column(length=50)
private String grade;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGrade() {
return grade;
}
public void setGrade(String grade) {
this.grade = grade;
}
}
application.yml
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
#1.JDBC
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username: root
password: 123456
druid:
#2.连接池配置
#初始化连接池的连接数量 大小,最小,最大
initial-size: 5
min-idle: 5
max-active: 20
#配置获取连接等待超时的时间
max-wait: 60000
#配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000
validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
test-while-idle: true
test-on-borrow: true
test-on-return: false
# 是否缓存preparedStatement,也就是PSCache 官方建议MySQL下建议关闭 个人建议如果想用SQL防火墙 建议打开
pool-prepared-statements: true
max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
# 配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
filter:
stat:
merge-sql: true
slow-sql-millis: 5000
#3.基础监控配置
web-stat-filter:
enabled: true
url-pattern: /*
#设置不统计哪些URL
exclusions: "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"
session-stat-enable: true
session-stat-max-count: 100
stat-view-servlet:
enabled: true
url-pattern: /druid/*
reset-enable: true
#设置监控页面的登录名和密码
login-username: admin
login-password: admin
allow: 127.0.0.1
#deny: 192.168.1.100
#jpa支持
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
创建服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001
创建一个简单的springboot模块,这里服务提供者需要操作数据库并且被浏览器所访问,固需要添加相关配置如下
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.javachz</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider-1001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.javaxl</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.javachz</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username: root
password: 123456
MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
@EntityScan("com.javachz.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.class, args);
}
}
repository层
StudentRepository
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository;
import com.javachz.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
}
service层
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.service;
import com.javachz.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentService {
public void save(Student student);
public Student findById(Integer id);
public List<Student> list();
public void delete(Integer id);
}
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.imp;
import com.javachz.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
@Autowired
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Override
public void save(Student student) {
studentRepository.save(student);
}
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return studentRepository.findOne(id);
}
@Override
public List<Student> list() {
return studentRepository.findAll();
}
@Override
public void delete(Integer id) {
studentRepository.delete(id);
}
}
controller层
StudentProviderController
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.controller;
import com.javachz.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
public boolean save(Student student){
try{
studentService.save(student);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return studentService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentService.findById(id);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
studentService.delete(id);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
成功结果图如下
http://localhost:1001/student/list:服务者访问
http://localhost/student/list:服务者访问
2、注册中心eureka
Eureka简介:
Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于REST的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中,以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在Eureka Server中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化与Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也就别一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。
在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步,Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上,Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制,确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。
类似zookeeper,Eureka也是一个服务注册和发现组件,是SpringCloud的一个优秀子项目,不过比较坑的是,Eureka2版本已经停止更新了。但是Eureka1版本还是很稳定,功能足够用,所以还是有必要学习下。
但是这里有几个常用的服务注册与发现组件比对;
服务注册与发现原理。
Eureka的使用
前面说过eureka是c/s模式的 server服务端就是服务注册中心,其他的都是client客户端,服务端用来管理所有服务,客户端通过注册中心,来调用具体的服务;
我们先来搭建下服务端,也就是服务注册中心;
新建 module microservice-eureka-server-2001;
在pom文件中加入eureka-server依赖;
在yml文件中添加Eureka服务端相关信息;
在启动类中添加@EnableEurekaServer注解;
导入pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.javachz</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-eureka-server-2001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 2001
context-path: /
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
启动类
package com.javachz.microserviceeurekaserver2001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceEurekaServer2001Application.class, args);
}
}
启动,测试结果
测试连接
http://localhost:2001/
向Eureka中注册服务提供者
这里我们在原来的服务提供者项目 microservice-student-provider-1001 上面直接修改:
首先pom.xml修改,加上eureka客户端依赖:
<!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
然后application.yml上加上配置:
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka客户端主机实例名称
appname: microservice-student #客户端服务名
instance-id: microservice-student:1001 #客户端实例名称
prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
这里的defaultZone要和前面服务注册中心的暴露地址一致;
最后 启动类加上一个注解 @EnableEurekaClient;
package com.javachz.microservicestudentprovider1001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.javachz.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.class, args);
}
}
然后我们测试下,先启动服务注册中心,再启动这个服务提供者;
然后运行:http://localhost:2001/
服务提供者成功注册截图如下
点击实例状态结果如下
解决方案如下
1、首先在服务提供者项目pom.xml里加入actuator监控依赖:
2、最后服务提供者项目application.yml加上info配置:
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
info:
groupId: com.javaxl.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://javaxl.com
phone: 123456
服务提供者pom修改,测试结果如下: