java接口防止XSS攻击

一、什么是XSS

XSS又叫CSS (Cross Site Script) ，跨站脚本攻击。它指的是恶意攻击者往Web页面里插入恶意html代码，当用户浏览该页之时，嵌入其中Web里面的html代码会被执行，从而达到恶意的特殊目的。XSS属于被动式的攻击，因为其被动且不好利用，所以许多人常呼略其危害性。

二、XSS攻击的主要途径

XSS攻击方法只是利用HTML的属性，作各种的尝试，找出注入的方法。现在对三种主要方式进行分析。

第一种：对普通的用户输入，页面原样内容输出。
它用户当点此链接的时候，JS就运行了，造成的后果会很严重，如跳去一个有木马的页面、取得登陆用户的COOKIE等。

第二种：在代码区里有用户输入的内容

原则就是，代码区中，绝对不应含有用户输入的东西。

第三种：允许用户输入HTML标签的页面。

用户可以提交一些自定义的HTML代码，这种情况是最危险的。因为，IE浏览器默认采用的是UNICODE编码，HTML编码可以用&#ASCII方式来写，又可以使用”/”连接16进制字符串来写，使得过滤变得异常复杂，如下面的四个例子，都可以在IE中运行。

1，直接使用JS脚本。

<img src=”javascript:alert(‘xss’)” />

2，对JS脚本进行转码。

<img src=”javascript:alert(‘xss’)” />

3，利用标签的触发条件插入代码并进行转码。

<img  onerror=”alert(‘xss’)” />

4，使用16进制来写

<img style=”background-image: /75/72/6c/28/6a/61/76/61/73/63/72/69/70/74/3a/61/6c/65/72/74/28/27/58/53/53/27/29/29″>

以上写法等于<img style=”background-image: url(javascript:alert(‘XSS’))”>

三、XSS攻击解决办法

两方面：过滤输入和转义输出。

具体执行的方式有以下几点：
第一、在输入方面对所有用户提交内容进行可靠的输入验证，提交内容包括URL、查询关键字、http头、post数据等

第二、在输出方面，在用户输内容中使用标签。标签内的内容不会解释，直接显示。

第三、严格执行字符输入字数控制。

当恶意代码值被作为某一标签的内容显示：在不需要html输入的地方对html 标签及一些特殊字符( ” < > & 等等 )做过滤，将其转化为不被浏览器解释执行的字符。
当恶意代码被作为某一标签的属性显示，通过用 “将属性截断来开辟新的属性或恶意方法：属性本身存在的 单引号和双引号都需要进行转码；
对用户输入的html 标签及标签属性做白名单过滤，也可以对一些存在漏洞的标签和属性进行专门过滤。

四、 解决代码

1.配置过滤器

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: alan
 * @time: 2020/11/13 
 */
@Slf4j
@Configuration
@WebFilter
public class XSSFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("----------------------->xss过滤器被创建");

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println("--------------------->过滤器：请求地址" + requestURI);
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //跨域设置
        if (response instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
            HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
            //通过在响应 header 中设置 ‘*’ 来允许来自所有域的跨域请求访问。
            httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
            //通过对 Credentials 参数的设置，就可以保持跨域 Ajax 时的 Cookie
            //设置了Allow-Credentials，Allow-Origin就不能为*,需要指明具体的url域
            //httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
            //请求方式
            httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "*");
            //（预检请求）的返回结果（即 Access-Control-Allow-Methods 和Access-Control-Allow-Headers 提供的信息） 可以被缓存多久
            httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400");
            //首部字段用于预检请求的响应。其指明了实际请求中允许携带的首部字段
            httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
        }
        //sql,xss过滤
        if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())) {
            XSSRequestBodyWrapper xssRequestBodyWrapper = new XSSRequestBodyWrapper(request);
            filterChain.doFilter(xssRequestBodyWrapper, response);
        } else {
            XSSRequestWrapper xssRequestWrapper = new XSSRequestWrapper(request);
            filterChain.doFilter(xssRequestWrapper, response);
        }
//        log.info("",JSONObject.toJSONString(request.getParameterMap()));
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("----------------------->xss过滤器被销毁");
    }
}

2.实现 ServletRequest 的包装类,过滤其他请求参数

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: alan
 * @time: 2020/11/13
 */
public class XSSRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    private static String key = "and|exec|insert|select|delete|update|count|*|%|chr|mid|master|truncate|char|declare|;|or|-|+";
    private static Set<String> notAllowedKeyWords = new HashSet<String>(0);
    private static String replacedString = "非法字符";
    final static int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
    private final String[] xssKeyWord = {"javascript", "script", "onclick", "onload", "vbscript", "html", "expression"};

    static {
        String keyStr[] = key.split("\\|");
        for (String str : keyStr) {
            notAllowedKeyWords.add(str);
        }
    }

    private String currentUrl;

    private byte[] body; //用于保存读取body中数据


    /**
     * Constructs a request object wrapping the given request.
     *
     * @param request The request to wrap
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the request is null
     */
    public XSSRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
    }

    /**
     * 覆盖getParameter方法，将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
     * 如果需要获得原始的值，则通过super.getParameterValues(name)来获取
     * getParameterNames,getParameterValues和getParameterMap也可能需要覆盖
     */
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String parameter) {
        String value = super.getParameter(parameter);
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return cleanXSS(value);
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getParameterValues(String parameter) {
        String[] values = super.getParameterValues(parameter);
        if (values == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int count = values.length;
        String[] encodedValues = new String[count];
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            encodedValues[i] = cleanXSS(values[i]);
        }
        return encodedValues;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
        Map<String, String[]> values = super.getParameterMap();
        if (values == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, String[]> result = new HashMap<>();
        for (String key : values.keySet()) {
            String encodedKey = cleanXSS(key);
            int count = values.get(key).length;
            String[] encodedValues = new String[count];
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                encodedValues[i] = cleanXSS(values.get(key)[i]);
            }
            result.put(encodedKey, encodedValues);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 覆盖getHeader方法，将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
     * 如果需要获得原始的值，则通过super.getHeaders(name)来获取
     * getHeaderNames 也可能需要覆盖
     */
    @Override
    public String getHeader(String name) {
        String value = super.getHeader(name);
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return cleanXSS(value);
    }

    private String cleanXSS(String valueP) {
        boolean bool = false;
        String value = valueP;
        for (String s : xssKeyWord) {
            if (valueP.contains(s)) {
                bool = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (bool) {
            //包含关键字 才过滤 < > ( ) '
            value = value.replaceAll("<", "& lt;").replaceAll(">", "& gt;");
            value = value.replaceAll("\\(", "& #40;").replaceAll("\\)", "& #41;");
            value = value.replaceAll("'", "& #39;");
        }
        value = value.replaceAll("eval\\((.*)\\)", "");
        value = value.replaceAll("[\\\"\\\'][\\s]*javascript:(.*)[\\\"\\\']", "\"\"");
        value = value.replaceAll("script", "");
        value = cleanSqlKeyWords(value);
        value = stripXSS(value);
        return value;
    }

    private String cleanSqlKeyWords(String value) {
        String paramValue = value;
        for (String keyword : notAllowedKeyWords) {
            if (paramValue.length() > keyword.length() + 4
                    && (paramValue.contains(" " + keyword) || paramValue.contains(keyword + " ") || paramValue.contains(" " + keyword + " "))) {
                paramValue = StringUtils.replace(paramValue, keyword, replacedString);
                log.error(this.currentUrl + "已被过滤，因为参数中包含不允许sql的关键词(" + keyword + ")" + ";参数：" + value + ";过滤后的参数：" + paramValue);
            }
        }
        return paramValue;
    }

    private String stripXSS(String value) {
        //正则过滤关键字
        if (value != null) {
            // Avoid null characters
            value = value.replaceAll("", "");
            // Avoid anything between script tags
            Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("(.*?)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid anything in a src="http://www.yihaomen.com/article/java/..." type of e­xpression
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\'(.*?)\\\'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\"(.*?)\\\"", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Remove any lonesome  tag
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Remove any lonesome  tag
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid eval(...) e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid e­xpression(...) e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("e­xpression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid javascript:... e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid vbscript:... e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid οnlοad= e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid οnclick=
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onclick(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
        }
        return value;
    }
}

实现 ServletRequest 的包装类,过滤post请求参数

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: alan
 * @time: 2020/11/13
 */
public class XSSRequestBodyWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    private static String key = "and|exec|insert|select|delete|update|count|*|%|chr|mid|master|truncate|char|declare|;|or|-|+";
    private static Set<String> notAllowedKeyWords = new HashSet<String>(0);
    private static String replacedString = "INVALID";
    final static int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
    private final String[] xssKeyWord = {"javascript", "script", "onclick", "onload", "vbscript", "html", "expression"};

    static {
        String keyStr[] = key.split("\\|");
        for (String str : keyStr) {
            notAllowedKeyWords.add(str);
        }
    }

    private String currentUrl;

    private byte[] body; //用于保存读取body中数据


    /**
     * Constructs a request object wrapping the given request.
     *
     * @param request The request to wrap
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the request is null
     */
    public XSSRequestBodyWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        try {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            String line;
            BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
            String body = sb.toString();
            this.body = body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            log.info("body data {}", getBody());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("获取post请求 body失败 {}", e);
        }
    }

    public String getBody() {
        return new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }


    /**
     * 覆盖getParameter方法，将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
     * 如果需要获得原始的值，则通过super.getParameterValues(name)来获取
     * getParameterNames,getParameterValues和getParameterMap也可能需要覆盖
     */
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String parameter) {
        String value = super.getParameter(parameter);
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return cleanXSS(value);
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getParameterValues(String parameter) {
        String[] values = super.getParameterValues(parameter);
        if (values == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int count = values.length;
        String[] encodedValues = new String[count];
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            encodedValues[i] = cleanXSS(values[i]);
        }
        return encodedValues;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
        Map<String, String[]> values = super.getParameterMap();
        if (values == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Map<String, String[]> result = new HashMap<>();
        for (String key : values.keySet()) {
            String encodedKey = cleanXSS(key);
            int count = values.get(key).length;
            String[] encodedValues = new String[count];
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                encodedValues[i] = cleanXSS(values.get(key)[i]);
            }
            result.put(encodedKey, encodedValues);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 覆盖getHeader方法，将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
     * 如果需要获得原始的值，则通过super.getHeaders(name)来获取
     * getHeaderNames 也可能需要覆盖
     */
    @Override
    public String getHeader(String name) {
        String value = super.getHeader(name);
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return cleanXSS(value);
    }

    /**
     * 覆盖getReader方法，将参数名和参数值都做xss过滤。
     * 如果需要获得原始的值，则通过request.getReader()来获取
     * getHeaderNames 也可能需要覆盖
     *
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {

        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        String bodyString = new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        byte[] xssByte = cleanXSS(bodyString).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(xssByte);
        return new ServletInputStream() {

            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return bais.read();
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }
        };
    }

    private String cleanXSS(String valueP) {
        boolean bool = false;
        String value = valueP;
        for (String s : xssKeyWord) {
            if (valueP.contains(s)) {
                bool = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (bool) {
            //包含关键字 才过滤 < > ( ) '
            value = value.replaceAll("<", "& lt;").replaceAll(">", "& gt;");
            value = value.replaceAll("\\(", "& #40;").replaceAll("\\)", "& #41;");
            value = value.replaceAll("'", "& #39;");
        }
        value = value.replaceAll("eval\\((.*)\\)", "");
        value = value.replaceAll("[\\\"\\\'][\\s]*javascript:(.*)[\\\"\\\']", "\"\"");
        value = value.replaceAll("script", "");
        value = cleanSqlKeyWords(value);
        value = stripXSS(value);
        return value;
    }

    private String cleanSqlKeyWords(String value) {
        String paramValue = value;
        for (String keyword : notAllowedKeyWords) {
            if (paramValue.length() > keyword.length() + 4
                    && (paramValue.contains(" " + keyword) || paramValue.contains(keyword + " ") || paramValue.contains(" " + keyword + " "))) {
                paramValue = StringUtils.replace(paramValue, keyword, replacedString);
                log.error(this.currentUrl + "已被过滤，因为参数中包含不允许sql的关键词(" + keyword + ")" + ";参数：" + value + ";过滤后的参数：" + paramValue);
            }
        }
        return paramValue;
    }

    private String stripXSS(String value) {
        //正则过滤关键字
        if (value != null) {
            // Avoid null characters
            value = value.replaceAll("", "");
            // Avoid anything between script tags
            Pattern scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("(.*?)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid anything in a src="http://www.yihaomen.com/article/java/..." type of e­xpression
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\'(.*?)\\\'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\"(.*?)\\\"", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Remove any lonesome  tag
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Remove any lonesome  tag
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid eval(...) e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid e­xpression(...) e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("e­xpression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid javascript:... e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("javascript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid vbscript:... e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("vbscript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid οnlοad= e­xpressions
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
            // Avoid οnclick=
            scriptPattern = Pattern.compile("onclick(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL);
            value = scriptPattern.matcher(value).replaceAll("");
        }
        return value;
    }

3.添加在主入口@ServletComponentScan注解

@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan
public class ApiApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApiApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(ApiApplication.class);
    }
}