8.5 多线程

多线程

什么是多线程：

如果在一个进程中同时运行了多个线程，用来完成不同的工作，则称之为“多线程”
多个线程交替占用CPU资源，而非真正的并行执行

多线程的好处：

充分利用CPU的资源
简化编程模型
带来良好的用户体验

主线程

Thread类：

Java提供了java.lang.Thread类支持多线程编程

主线程：

main()方法即为主线程入口
产生其他子线程的线程
必须最后完成执行，因为它执行各种关闭动作

实例：通过集成Thread类实现创建线程
TestThread类：

package cn.kgc.kb09;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class TestThread extends Thread{

    public void run(){
        for (int i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
            System.out.println("线程休眠，进入堵塞状态");
//            try {
//                Thread.sleep(10);
//            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                e.printStackTrace();
//            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread t1 = new TestThread();
//        t1.setName("线程1");
        TestThread t2 = new TestThread();
//        t2.setName("线程2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
//        TestThread t = new TestThread();
//        t.setName("随便啥");
//        Thread th1 = new Thread(t);
//        th1.setName("设置线程1");
//        Thread th2 = new Thread(t);
//        th2.setName("设置线程2");
//
//        th1.start();
//        th2.start();
    }
}

通过实现接口Runnable ，创建线程
TeatRunnable类：

package cn.kgc.kb09;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 101; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":礼让下");
            Thread.yield();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestRunnable r = new TestRunnable();
        System.out.println("线程创建前");
        Thread th1 = new Thread(r,"线程1");
        Thread th2 = new Thread(r,"线程2");
        System.out.println("执行线程1");
        th1.start();
//        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println("执行线程2");
        th2.start();
        System.out.println("....");
    }
}

TestMethod类：

package cn.kgc.kb09;

import java.util.TreeSet;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description 常用方法
 */
public class TestMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestRunnable r = new TestRunnable();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(r,"线程1：");
        System.out.println("线程1创建");
        System.out.println("线程2创建");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(r,"线程2：");

        t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t2.setPriority(10);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();

//        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//            if (i == 2){
//                t1.join();
//            }
//            System.out.println(i + 1 + "主线程中的循环");
//        }
//        t1.join();
//        System.out.println("上面执行了join方法，主线程会等t1执行完成了再来");

    }
}

课后练习

练习一：创建两个子线程，每个线程均输出20次消息数字、“你好”、线程名观察多个线程交替执行的过程
Work1类：

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;


/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work1 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println(i + ".你好，来自线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Work1();
        Thread t = new Thread(r);
        Thread t1 = new Thread(r);
        t1.start();
        t.start();
    }
}

练习二：

每个线程代表一个人
可设置每人爬山速度
每爬完100米显示信息
爬到终点时给出相应提示

Work3_1类

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work3_1 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(300);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "爬完了100米！");

        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "到达终点！");
    }
}

Work3类：

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work3 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "爬完了100米！");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "到达终点！");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Work3 w = new Work3();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(w,"年轻人");
        Work3_1 w1 = new Work3_1();
        Thread t2 = new Thread(w1,"老年人");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

练习三：显示主线程、子线程默认优先级，将主线程设置为最高优先级、子线程设置为最低优先级并显示
Work4：

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work4 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Thread.currentThread().setPriority(1);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("****显示默认优先级****");
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        Work4 w = new Work4();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(w);
        System.out.println("主线程名为：" + t.getName() + ",优先级：" + t.getPriority());
        System.out.println("子线程名为：" + t1.getName() + ",优先级：" + t1.getPriority());
        t1.start();
        t1.join();
        t.setPriority(10);
        System.out.println("*****修改默认优先级后*****");
        System.out.println("主线程名为：" + t.getName() + ",优先级：" + t.getPriority());
        System.out.println("子线程名为：" + t1.getName() + ",优先级：" + t1.getPriority());

    }
}

练习4：某科室一天需看普通号50个，特需号10个
特需号看病时间是普通号的2倍，开始时普通号和特需号并行叫号，叫到特需号的概率比普通号高，当普通号叫完第10号时，要求先看完全部特需号，再看普通号，使用多线程模拟这一过程

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work5 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + i + "号病人在看病！");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        t.setName("普通号：");
        Work5 w = new Work5();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(w,"特需号：");
        t1.start();
        t.setPriority(1);
        t1.setPriority(10);
        for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
            System.out.println(t.getName() + i + "号病人在看病！");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (i == 10) {
                try {
                    t1.join();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

练习五：

多人参加1000米接力跑
每人跑100米，换下个选手
每跑10米显示信息

Work6类：

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work6 implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public synchronized void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到接力棒！");
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "跑了" + (i * 10) + "米！");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Work6 w = new Work6();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
            Thread t = new Thread(w,i + "号选手");
            t.start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println("跑完了！！");
    }
}

练习六：“桃跑跑”、“张票票”、“黄牛党”共同抢10张票，限“黄牛党”只能抢一张票
Work7类：

package cn.kgc.kb09.work;

/**
 * @Author Daniu_Ben
 * @Date 2020/8/5
 * @Description
 */
public class Work7 implements Runnable {
    int num = 10;
    int num2 = 0;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (num > 0) {
            sale();
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("黄牛党"))return;
        }
    }
    public synchronized void sale(){
        num --;
        num2 ++;
        if (num < 0)return;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "抢到了第" + num2 + "张票" + "，剩余" + num + "张票！");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Work7 w = new Work7();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(w,"桃跑跑");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(w,"张票票");
        Thread t3 = new Thread(w,"黄牛党");
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        t1.start();
    }
}