MySQL——视图

一张虚表，和真实的表一样。视图包含一系列带有名称的行和列数据。视图是从一个或多个表中导出来的，可以通过insert，update，delete来操作视图。当通过视图看到的数据被修改时，相应的原表的数据也会变化。同时原表发生变化，则这种变化也可以自动反映到视图中。

视图的优点：

1. 简单化：看到的就是需要的。视图多个可以简化用户对数据的理解，也可以简化操作。经常被使用的查询可以制作成一个视图
2. 安全性：通过视图用户只能查询和修改数据库授权命令可以让每个用户对数据库的检索限制到特定的数据库对象上，但不能授权到数据库特定的行，列上。
3. 逻辑数据独立性：视图可帮助用户屏蔽真实表结构变化带来的影响

【创建视图】

创建[或替换替换] [algroithm视图选择的算法= {undefined | merge | temptable}]，然后将其名[（column_list）]作为select_statement [带有[cascaded | local] check选项]

[algroithm视图选择的算法={undefined|merge |temptable}] Undefined：不常用。 merge ：表示将使用的视图语句与视图定义合并起来，使视图定义的某一部分取代语句对应的部分 temptable ：表示将视图的结果存入临时表，然后用临时表来执行语句

with [cascaded | local] Cascaded：替代为cascaded，表示更新视图时，满足所有相关视图和表的条件 Local：表示更新视图时，满足该视图本身定义的条件即可

创造单表视图

mysql> CREATE TABLE t(quantity INT, price INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(3,50);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE VIEW view_t AS SELECT quantity,price,quantity*price FROM t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看

mysql> select * from view_t;
+----------+-------+----------------+
| quantity | price | quantity*price |
+----------+-------+----------------+
|        3 |    50 |            150 |
+----------+-------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create view view_t2(qty,price,total) as select
    -> quantity,price,quantity*price from t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from view_t2;
+------+-------+-------+
| qty  | price | total |
+------+-------+-------+
|    3 |    50 |   150 |
+------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建多表视图

mysql> create table student(
    -> s_id int(3) primary key,
    -> s_name varchar(30),
    -> s_age int(3),
    -> s_sex varchar(8));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table stu_info(
    -> s_id int(3),
    -> class varchar(50),
    -> addr varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into stu_info(s_id,class,addr)
    -> values
    -> (1,'erban','anhui'),
    -> (2,'sanban','chongqing'),
    -> (3,'yiban','shandong');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> create view stu_class(id,name,class) as select
    -> student.s_id,student.s_name,stu_info.class
    -> from student,stu_info where student.s_id=stu_info.s_id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看视图的基本信息 Describe 视图名

mysql> desc stu_class;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(3)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| class | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看视图的基本信息

Show table status like ‘视图名’\G;

mysql> show table status like 'stu_class'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: stu_class
         Engine: NULL
        Version: NULL
     Row_format: NULL
           Rows: NULL
 Avg_row_length: NULL
    Data_length: NULL
Max_data_length: NULL
   Index_length: NULL
      Data_free: NULL
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: NULL
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: NULL
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: NULL
        Comment: VIEW
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查看视图的详细信息

show create view 视图名；
或
show create view 视图名\G

mysql> show create view view_t\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                View: view_t
         Create View: CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `view_t` AS select `t`.`quantity` AS `quantity`,`t`.`price` AS `price`,(`t`.`quantity` * `t`.`price`) AS `quantity*price` from `t`
character_set_client: utf8
collation_connection: utf8_general_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在mysql中，information schema 数据库下的views表中存储了所有视图的定义。通过对views表的查询，可以查看数据库中所有视图的详细信息。

mysql> select * from information_schema.views\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       TABLE_CATALOG: def
        TABLE_SCHEMA: test
          TABLE_NAME: stu_class
     VIEW_DEFINITION: select `test`.`student`.`s_id` AS
`id`,`test`.`student`.`name` AS `name`,`test`.`stu_info`.`class` AS `class` from
`test`.`student` join `test`.`stu_info` where (`test`.`student`.`s_id` =
`test`.`stu_info`.`s_id`)
        CHECK_OPTION: NONE
		IS_UPDATABLE: YES
             DEFINER: root@localhost
       SECURITY_TYPE: DEFINER
CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8
COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci
*************************** 2. row ***************************
       TABLE_CATALOG: def
        TABLE_SCHEMA: test
          TABLE_NAME: view_t
     VIEW_DEFINITION: select `test`.`t`.`quantity` AS
`quantity`,`test`.`t`.`price` AS `price`,(`test`.`t`.`quantity` *
`test`.`t`.`price`) AS `quantity*price` from `test`.`t`
        CHECK_OPTION: NONE
		IS_UPDATABLE: YES
             DEFINER: root@localhost
       SECURITY_TYPE: DEFINER
CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8
COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci
*************************** 3. row ***************************
       TABLE_CATALOG: def
        TABLE_SCHEMA: test
          TABLE_NAME: view_t2
     VIEW_DEFINITION: select `test`.`t`.`quantity` AS `qty`,`test`.`t`.`price` AS
`price`,(`test`.`t`.`quantity` * `test`.`t`.`price`) AS `total` from `test`.`t`
		CHECK_OPTION: NONE
		IS_UPDATABLE: YES
             DEFINER: root@localhost
       SECURITY_TYPE: DEFINER
CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT: utf8
COLLATION_CONNECTION: utf8_general_ci
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

【修改视图】Create or replace view

mysql> create or replace view view_t as select * from t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc view_t;
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| quantity | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| price    | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Alter 修改视图

mysql> alter view view_t as select quantity from t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc view_t;
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| quantity | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

【更新视图】

1、Update
mysql> select * from t;
+----------+-------+
| quantity | price |
+----------+-------+
|        3 |    50 |
+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from view_t;
+----------+
| quantity |
+----------+
|        3 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update view_t set quantity=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from view_t;
+----------+
| quantity |
+----------+
|        5 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t;
+----------+-------+
| quantity | price |
+----------+-------+
|        5 |    50 |
+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


2、Insert
mysql> insert into t values(3,5);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t;
+----------+-------+
| quantity | price |
+----------+-------+
|        5 |    50 |
|        3 |     5 |
+----------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from view_t2;
+------+-------+-------+
| qty  | price | total |
+------+-------+-------+
|    5 |    50 |   250 |
|    3 |     5 |    15 |
+------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


3、delete
mysql> select * from view_t2;
+------+-------+-------+
| qty  | price | total |
+------+-------+-------+
|    5 |    50 |   250 |
|    3 |     5 |    15 |
+------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from view_t2 where price=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from view_t2;
+------+-------+-------+
| qty  | price | total |
+------+-------+-------+
|    5 |    50 |   250 |
+------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

视图存在以下情况时，更新操作无法执行

1. 视图中不包含基表中被定义为非空的列
2. 在定义视图的select语句后的字段列表中使用了数学表达式
3. 在定义视图的select 语句后字段列表中使用了聚合函数时不接受更新操作
4. select中，使用了union \top \group by 或having 无法接受

【删除视图】

Drop view [IF EXISTS]视图名1，视图名2 ……

mysql> drop view if exists stu_class;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop view if exists stu_class;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show warnings;
+-------+------+-------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message                       |
+-------+------+-------------------------------+
| Note  | 1051 | Unknown table 'ooo.stu_class' |
+-------+------+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create view stu_class;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'ooo.stu_class' doesn't exist

扩展MySQL中视图和表的区别以及联系是什么？

1，两者的区别：

（1）视图是已经编译好的SQL语句，是基于SQL语句的结果集的可视化的表。而表不是。
（2）没有实际的物理记录，而表有。
（3）表是内容，视图窗口
（4）表和视图虽然都占用物理空间，但是视图只是逻辑概念存在，而表可以及时对数据进行修改，但是视图只能用创建语句来修改
（5）视图是查看数据表的一种方法，可以查询数据表中某些分区构成的数据，只是一些SQL语句的集合。从安全角度来说，视图可以防止用户接触数据表，因此不知道表结构
（6）表属于大部分模式中的表，是实表。而视图属于局部模式的表，是虚表
（7）视图的建立和删除只影响视图本身，而不影响对应表的基本表

2，两者的联系

开头是在基本表之上建立的表，它的结构和内容都来自于基本表，它依赖基本表存在而存在。多个基本表。视图是基本的抽象和逻辑意义上建立的关系。