淘宝爬虫之强行登录如何解决Selenium被检测到的问题？

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-21 21:48:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-21 21:48:28 发布

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最近遇上一些反Selenium爬虫的情况，爬虫都会碰到某些网站刚刚打开页面就被判定为：非人类行为。
因为不少大网站有对selenium的js监测机制。比如navigator.webdriver，navigator.languages，navigator.plugins.length,
美团，大众，淘宝这些大站点都有这种技术能力。正常情况下 window.navigator.webdriver的值为undefined。
QQ截图20181120161300.jpg

而当我们使用selenium 的时候-window.navigator.webdriver的值为True。如下图
微信截图_20190119210648.png

——-那么如何解决呢？

第一种：使用mitmproxy用中间人的方式截取服务器发送来的js，修改js里面函数的参值方式发送给服务器。相当于在browser和server之间做一层中介的拦截。不过此方法要对js非常熟悉的人才好实施。

第二种方法依旧通过selenium，不过是在服务器在第一次发送js并在本地验证的时候，做好‘第一次’的伪装，从而实现‘第一次登陆’有效。。方法简单，适合小白。

pyppeteer 加 asyncio 绕过selenium检测，实现鼠标滑动后自动登陆（代码很简单。主要熟悉异步模块及pyppeteer模块。pyppeteer模块看不懂就去看puppeteer文档，pyppeteer只是在puppeteer之上稍微包装了下而已）。

代码如下 main.py

import asyncio
import time,random
from pyppeteer.launcher import launch # 控制模拟浏览器用
from retrying import retry #设置重试次数用的

async def main(username, pwd, url):# 定义main协程函数，
#以下使用await 可以针对耗时的操作进行挂起
browser = await launch({‘headless’: False, ‘args’: [’–no-sandbox’], }) # 启动pyppeteer 属于内存中实现交互的模拟器
page = await browser.newPage() # 启动个新的浏览器页面
await page.setUserAgent(
‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36’)

<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>goto<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 访问登录页面</span>
<span class="token comment"># 替换淘宝在检测浏览时采集的一些参数。</span>
<span class="token comment"># 就是在浏览器运行的时候，始终让window.navigator.webdriver=false</span>
<span class="token comment"># navigator是windiw对象的一个属性，同时修改plugins，languages，navigator 且让</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''() =&gt;{ Object.defineProperties(navigator,{ webdriver:{ get: () =&gt; false } }) }'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#以下为插入中间js，将淘宝会为了检测浏览器而调用的js修改其结果。</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''() =&gt;{ window.navigator.chrome = { runtime: {},  }; }'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''() =&gt;{ Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', { get: () =&gt; ['en-US', 'en'] }); }'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''() =&gt;{ Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', { get: () =&gt; [1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6], }); }'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># 使用type选定页面元素，并修改其数值，用于输入账号密码，修改的速度仿人类操作，因为有个输入速度的检测机制</span>
<span class="token comment"># 因为 pyppeteer 框架需要转换为js操作，而js和python的类型定义不同，所以写法与参数要用字典，类型导入</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.J_UserName'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">'delay'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> input_time_random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#J_StandardPwd input'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pwd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">'delay'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> input_time_random<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">#await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-test-result.png'})    # 截图测试</span>
time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment"># 检测页面是否有滑块。原理是检测页面元素。</span>
slider <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Jeval<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#nocaptcha'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'node =&gt; node.style'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment"># 是否有滑块</span>

<span class="token keyword">if</span> slider<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'当前页面出现滑块'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token comment">#await page.screenshot({'path': './headless-login-slide.png'}) # 截图测试</span>
    flag<span class="token punctuation">,</span>page <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> mouse_slide<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page<span class="token operator">=</span>page<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">#js拉动滑块过去。</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> flag<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keyboard<span class="token punctuation">.</span>press<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 确保内容输入完毕，少数页面会自动完成按钮点击</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"print enter"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>flag<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''document.getElementById("J_SubmitStatic").click()'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 如果无法通过回车键完成点击，就调用js模拟点击登录按钮。</span>

        time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token comment">#cookies_list = await page.cookies()</span>
        <span class="token comment">#print(cookies_list)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">await</span> get_cookie<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 导出cookie 完成登陆后就可以拿着cookie玩各种各样的事情了。</span>
<span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keyboard<span class="token punctuation">.</span>press<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"print enter"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>evaluate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string">'''document.getElementById("J_SubmitStatic").click()'''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>waitFor<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>waitForNavigation<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">try</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">global</span> error <span class="token comment"># 检测是否是账号密码错误</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error_1:"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        error <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Jeval<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.error'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'node =&gt; node.textContent'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"error_2:"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">except</span> Exception <span class="token keyword">as</span> e<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        error <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">None</span>
    <span class="token keyword">finally</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> error<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'确保账户安全重新入输入'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment"># 程序退出。</span>
            loop<span class="token punctuation">.</span>close<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
          <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page<span class="token punctuation">.</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">await</span> get_cookie<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">#time.sleep(100)</span>

# 获取登录后cookie
async def get_cookie(page):
#res = await page.content()
cookies_list = await page.cookies()
cookies = ‘’
for cookie in cookies_list:
str_cookie = ‘{0}={1};’
str_cookie = str_cookie.format(cookie.get(‘name’), cookie.get(‘value’))
cookies += str_cookie
print(cookies)
return cookies

def retry_if_result_none(result):
return result is None

@retry(retry_on_result=retry_if_result_none,)
async def mouse_slide(page=None):
await asyncio.sleep(2)
try :
#鼠标移动到滑块，按下，滑动到头（然后延时处理），松开按键
await page.hover(’#nc_1_n1z’) # 不同场景的验证码模块能名字不同。
await page.mouse.down()
await page.mouse.move(2000, 0, {‘delay’: random.randint(1000, 2000)})
await page.mouse.up()
except Exception as e:
print(e, ‘:验证失败’)
return None,page
else:
await asyncio.sleep(2)
# 判断是否通过
slider_again = await page.Jeval(’.nc-lang-cnt’, ‘node => node.textContent’)
if slider_again != ‘验证通过’:
return None,page
else:
#await page.screenshot({‘path’: ‘./headless-slide-result.png’}) # 截图测试
print(‘验证通过’)
return 1,page