mysql 安装配置等

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一、安装

方式一：pkg 包安装

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

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方式二：brew

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1、执行安装命令

$ brew install mysql

sad学这些

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2、安装完后启动mysql

$ mysql.server start

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3、执行安全设置

$ mysql_secure_installation

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显示如下

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW    Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file

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按照提示选择密码等级，并设置root密码

• Enter password for user root:
  输入刚刚得到的密码
• New password:
  输入新的密码
• Re-enter new password:
  重复输入新的密码
• Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  是否想改变root的密码，输入Y，重复设置密码。
• Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  输入Y
• Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  删除匿名用户，输入Y
• Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  是否禁止远程登录，输入N，（但事后发现还是不能远程登录，可以试试Y）
• Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  是否删除test数据库，输入N
• Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No)
  是否重新加载权限表，输入Y

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安装完成
可以通过mysql -uroot -p登录，密码是刚刚设置的

如果上述密码没有设置完，这里会报错：

$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

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二、创建新的数据库、用户并授权

1、登录mysql

mysql -u root -p

按提示输入root密码

root@poksi-test-2019:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

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2、创建数据库

create database retail_db character set utf8mb4;

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3、创建用户

create user 'retail_u'@'%' identified by 'retail_PWD_123';

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4、授权用户

grant all privileges on retail_db.* to 'retail_u'@'%';

flush privileges;

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5、查看当前的数据库

> show databases;

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选中数据库

use s_db;

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6、显示当前数据库的表单

show tables;

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三、建表

CREATE TABLE t_user(
  key_id VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,  -- id 统一命名为key_id
  user_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL ,
  password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL ,
  phone VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  deleted INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  -- 逻辑删除标志默认值
  create_time   timestamp NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建时间默认值
  update_time   timestamp NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP -- 修改时间默认值
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

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四、检查mysql服务状态

先退出mysql命令行，输入命令

systemctl status mysql.service

显示如下结果说明mysql服务是正常的

● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
  Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
  Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-05-22 10:53:13 CST; 13min ago
Main PID: 16686 (mysqld)
   Tasks: 29 (limit: 4667)
  CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
          └─16686 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

May 22 10:53:12 poksi-test-2019 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
May 22 10:53:13 poksi-test-2019 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.

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语法手册

文档 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/

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报错等

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1045, “Access denied for user ‘root’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)”)

可能的错误原因

1. 用户名或密码错误；
2. 没有给用户授权

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如果你使用 root 用户，可以使用下列语句：

mysql>  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON  *.*  to 'root'@'localhost'  WITH GRANT OPTION; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;   # 刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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百度出来很多文章会给这样的语句，实际使用会报错：

因为 Grant 语句不需要使用 identified by。

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON  *.*  to 'root'@'localhost'   identified by '123456Aa*' WITH GRANT OPTION;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by '123456Aa*' WITH GRANT OPTION' at line 1

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ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

使用 iterms 报这个错时，可以使用 terminal 试试。

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caching_sha2_password

使用数据库管理工具，如 navicat 连接数据库，可能会报如下错误：

Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: dlopen(/usr/local/lib/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so, 2): image not found

出现这个原因是mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是 mysql_native_password，而在mysql8之后，加密规则是caching_sha2_password。

解决问题方法有两种，一种是升级 navicat 驱动，一种是把 mysql 用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password。

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以下示例使用第二种方式：

$ mysql -u root -p  # 进入 mysql 交互模式

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456Aa*' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;   # 修改加密规则 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Aa*';   # 更新用户的密码 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql>  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;     # 刷新权限 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再次使用客户端连接，

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2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' ([Errno 61] Connection refused)"

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