Stacks and Queues in Python

1. 在python中，stack和queque都可以通过list来实现

• push()都可以通过 list.append() 来实现
• 对于stack，pop直接通过 list.pop() 实现，而对于queque，则使用 list.pop(0)

2. 还可以用deque来实现stack和queque

• pop like a stack: .pop()
• pop like a queque: .popleft()

from collections import deque

# initialize a deque 
numbers = deque()

# Use append like before to add elements
numbers.append(99)
numbers.append(15)
numbers.append(82)
numbers.append(50)
numbers.append(47)

# You can pop like a stack
last_item = numbers.pop()
print(last_item) # 47
print(numbers) # deque([99, 15, 82, 50])

# You can dequeue like a queue
first_item = numbers.popleft()
print(first_item) # 99
print(numbers) # deque([15, 82, 50])

3. 定义class来严格地定义stack和queque

class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack=[]

    def pop(self):
        if len(self.stack)<1:
            return None
        return self.stack.pop()

    def push(self,item):
        self.stack.append(item)

document_actions = Stack()
# The first enters the title of the document
document_actions.push('action: enter; text_id: 1; text: This is my favourite document')
# Next they center the text
document_actions.push('action: format; text_id: 1; alignment: center')
# As with most writers, the user is unhappy with the first draft and undoes the center alignment
document_actions.pop()
print(document_actions.stack)
# The title is better on the left with bold font
document_actions.push('action: format; text_id: 1; style: bold')
print(document_actions.stack)


class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue=[]

    def enqueue(self,item):
        self.queue.append(item)

    def dequeue(self):
        if len(self.queue) < 1:
            return None
        return self.queue.pop(0)

input_queue = Queue()
# The player wants to get the upper hand so pressing the right combination of buttons quickly
input_queue.enqueue('DOWN')
input_queue.enqueue('RIGHT')
input_queue.enqueue('B')
# Now we can process each item in the queue by dequeueing them
key_pressed = input_queue.dequeue() # 'DOWN'
# We'll probably change our player position
key_pressed = input_queue.dequeue() # 'RIGHT'
print(key_pressed)
# We'll change the player's position again and keep track of a potential special move to perform
key_pressed = input_queue.dequeue() # 'B'
print(key_pressed)
# This can do the act, but the game's logic will know to do the special move