数据库-视图

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-19 21:52:00 发布

尊者我悟了

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-19 21:52:00 发布

阅读量551

点赞数 2

分类专栏：数据库文章标签：数据库 mysql sql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45427945/article/details/127155201

版权

数据库专栏收录该内容

19 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

文章目录

- - 视图

视图

sql脚本

/*
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50719
 Source Host           : localhost:3306
 Source Schema         : my_db

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50719
 File Encoding         : 65001

 Date: 03/10/2022 10:22:42
*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for category
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `category`;
CREATE TABLE `category`  (
  `cid` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `cname` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of category
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES ('c001', '家电');
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES ('c002', '鞋服');
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES ('c003', '化妆品');
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES ('c004', '汽车');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for products
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `products`;
CREATE TABLE `products`  (
  `pid` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `pname` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `price` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `flag` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `category_id` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`pid`) USING BTREE,
  INDEX `category_id`(`category_id`) USING BTREE,
  CONSTRAINT `products_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`category_id`) REFERENCES `category` (`cid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of products
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p001', '小米电视机', 5000, '1', 'c001');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p002', '格力空调', 3000, '1', 'c001');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p003', '美的冰箱', 4500, '1', 'c001');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p004', '篮球鞋', 800, '1', 'c002');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p005', '运动裤', 200, '1', 'c002');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p006', '短袖', 300, '1', 'c002');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p007', '冲锋衣', 2000, '1', 'c002');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p008', '神仙水', 800, '1', 'c003');
INSERT INTO `products` VALUES ('p009', '大宝', 200, '1', 'c003');

-- ----------------------------
-- View structure for products_category_view
-- ----------------------------
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `products_category_view`;
CREATE ALGORITHM = UNDEFINED SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `products_category_view` AS select `p`.`pid` AS `pid`,`p`.`pname` AS `pname`,`p`.`price` AS `price`,`p`.`flag` AS `flag`,`p`.`category_id` AS `category_id`,`c`.`cid` AS `cid`,`c`.`cname` AS `cname` from (`products` `p` left join `category` `c` on((`p`.`category_id` = `c`.`cid`)));

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

1.1 什么是视图

1.视图是一张虚表（建立在table之上的）

2.首先建立一张表，在表的基础上，指定的列映射成一个视图

3.映射：就是SELECT 查询语句（过滤掉安全隐患列的数据），把他查到的数据作为视图的数据进行映射

4.数据来源还是对应的table（是视图的基表）

1.2 视图的语法

1.2.1 视图创建

语法格式：

create view 视图名称 [字段名称列表] as select语句; -- []表示可选项

create view 视图名称 e_id,e_user,e_age as select(id,user,age);

as:表示视图要执行的操作（就是表示视图映射表中的数据）

1.2.2 视图案例

1.创建视图

# 1.查询所有商品分类详情
SELECT * FROM 
	products p LEFT JOIN category c on p.category_id = c.cid;
	

# 2.基于SELECT查询语句，将查询到的结果作为视图进行映射
CREATE VIEW products_category_view 
AS
SELECT * FROM 
	products p LEFT JOIN category c on p.category_id = c.cid;

2.查询视图中的数据

直接将视图名称作为一张表的名称进行操作，注意：视图只有查询操作，和表查询操作一摸一样。

1.需求：查询各个分类下商品的平均价格

基于表进行操作：

SELECT 
	cname AS '商品分类名称',
	avg(p.price) AS '分类平均价格'
FROM products p
LEFT JOIN category c
ON p.category_id = c.cid
GROUP BY c.cname;

基于视图进行操作：

SELECT 
	cname AS '商品分类名称',
	avg(price) AS '分类平均价格'
FROM　
	products_category_view
GROUP BY cname;

2.需求：查询鞋服分类下最贵的商品的全部信息

通过多表连接查询

# 查出最贵的价格
SELECT 
	max(p.price) AS '最贵商品'
FROM
	products p 
LEFT JOIN
	category c
ON p.category_id = c.cid
WHERE
	c.cname = '鞋服';

# 查出最贵商品的全部信息
SELECT * 
FROM
	products p 
LEFT JOIN
	category c
ON p.category_id = c.cid
WHERE
	c.cname = '鞋服'
	AND
	p.price = (
				SELECT max(p.price) AS '最贵商品' 
				FROM products p  LEFT JOIN category c ON p.category_id = c.cid 
				WHERE c.cname = '鞋服'
	);

通过视图查询

SELECT
 * 
FROM
 products_category_view pcv
WHERE
 pcv.cname = '鞋服'
 AND
 pcv.price = (SELECT MAX(price) 
             FROM  products_category_view
             WHERE cname = '鞋服');