过滤器Filter

过滤器Filter

在使用javaweb进行开发的时候很多人都会遇到乱码的问题，我们不得不在Servlet配置请求和响应的编解码格式

package com.kangzhu.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("你好");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

但是每个Servlet中都配置编解码格式不免有些麻烦，这时就可是通过Filter来解决这个问题。

Filter的使用

• 导包

  package com.kangzhu.filter;
  
  import javax.servlet.*;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
      public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
          System.out.println("Filter 初始化完成");
      }
  
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
          servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
      }
  
      public void destroy() {
          System.out.println("Filter 销毁");
      }
  }
  

  这里我们从package javax.servlet包下导入Filter；此外还有几点需要注意：

  • 初始化是在服务器启动时完成的

  • 销毁是在服务器关闭时完成的

  • 在doFilter函数中进行相应的设置后需要通过

    filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    

    语句让请求和响应对象同行。

• 绑定路由

  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.kangzhu.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <filter>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>com.kangzhu.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  

  这样的话次访问"/helloServlet"路径都会通过过滤器；

  • 访问同一资源可以决定是否通过过滤器

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kangzhu.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    

    为同一个Servlet设置两个路由即可；