【个人笔记】学习Spring（第一天）

Spring笔记

项目的类列表和xml

• 基于xml注入
  

SpringTest.java

• 注意: 在第二步获取Bean时的两种方法，一种是通过配置文件中的Bean的id，另一种是通过全类名。通过全类名获取Bean时，需要注意配置文件中只允许有一个与之类型相匹配的Bean。

package Spring;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//1，创建Spring的IOC容器对象
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
		
		//2，从IOC容器中获取Bean实例
		
		//根据配置文件的Bean的id获取
		Student student = (Student)context.getBean("student2");
		
		//根据类型来获取 bean 的实例: 要求在  IOC 容器中只有一个与之类型匹配的 bean, 若有多个则会抛出异常. 
		//一般情况下, 该方法可用, 因为一般情况下, 在一个 IOC 容器中一个类型对应的 bean 也只有一个.
		Student student = context.getBean(Student.class);
		
		//3，调用方法
		student.intruduction();
		
		
		Teacher teacher1 = (Teacher)context.getBean("teacher1");
		Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher)context.getBean("teacher2");
		Teacher teacher3 = (Teacher)context.getBean("teacher3");
		
		System.out.println(teacher1);
		System.out.println(teacher2);
		System.out.println(teacher3);
	}
}

Student.java

package Spring;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	
	public Student() {
		
	}
	
	public Student(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void intruduction() {
		System.out.println("My name is " + name);
	}
}

Teacher.java

• 设置了不同的构造器方便后面测试。

package Spring;

public class Teacher {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private double salary;
	private String sex;

	public Teacher(String name, int age, String sex) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public Teacher(String name, int age, double salary) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

}

ApplicationContext.xml

• 注入方式： 分别有setter注入和构造注入。
• setter注入： setter注入要求所注入的类中必须要有空的构造器
• 构造注入： 在构造注入时，如果有多个构造器，可以使用value、index（标记顺序）、type（标记类型）来准确定位所使用的构造器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	
	<!-- 配置一个Bean -->
	<!-- 通过setter注入(必须要用空构造器) -->
	<bean id="student" class="Spring.Student">
		<property name="name" value="HelloWorld"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 通过构造注入 -->
	<bean id="student2" class="Spring.Student">
		<constructor-arg value="HelloWorld2"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 若一个 bean 有多个构造器, 如何通过构造器来为 bean 的属性赋值 -->
	<!-- 可以根据 index、value的类型、type指定类型进行更加精确的定位.  -->
	<bean id="teacher1" class="Spring.Teacher">
		<constructor-arg value="Mike"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="18"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="男"></constructor-arg>		
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="teacher2" class="Spring.Teacher">
		<constructor-arg value="18" index="1"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="Mike" index="0"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="男" index="2"></constructor-arg>		
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="teacher3" class="Spring.Teacher">
		<constructor-arg value="18" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="Mike" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="10000" type="double"></constructor-arg>		
	</bean>
</beans>

结果

My name is HelloWorld2
Teacher [name=Mike, age=18, salary=0.0, sex=男]
Teacher [name=Mike, age=18, salary=0.0, sex=男]
Teacher [name=Mike, age=18, salary=10000.0, sex=null]