–查询基本使用(条件,排序,聚合函数,分组,分页)
–创建学生表
create table students (
id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(20) default ‘’,
age tinyint unsigned default 0,
high decimal(5,2),
gender enum(‘男’, ‘女’, ‘中性’, ‘保密’) default ‘保密’,
cls_id int unsigned default 0,
is_delete bit default 0
);
–创建班级表
create table classes(
id int unsigned auto_increment primary key not null,
name varchar(20) not null
);
–查询
– 查询所有列
–select * from 表名
select * from students;
--一定条件查询(where)
select * from where id=5;
-- 查询制定列
select id,name from students;
-- 使用as给字段起别名
select id,name as '姓名', age, high, gender from students;
-- 通过表名字段查询
select students.name from students;
-- 给表起别名查询
select s.id,s.name,s.age from students as s;
--消除重复行
-- distinct
select distinct age from students;
--条件查询
--比较运算符
-- 查询年纪大于18岁的信息
select * from students where age > 18;
--18岁到28岁之间(and)
select * from students where age >= 18 and age =< 28;
select * from students where age between 18 and 28
--在18岁以上或者身高180以上的人(or)
select * from students where age > 18 or high > 180;
-- 模糊查询
-- like
-- % 替代1个或者多个甚至是没有
-- 查询姓名中有‘小’的所有名字
select * from students where name like '%小%';
-- 查询两个字人的名字
select * from students where name like '__';
-- 查询至少有2个字的名字
select * from students where name like '%__%';
--范围查询
-- in (1,3,8)表示在一个非连续的范围内
-- 查询 年纪为18和34的人
select * from students where age in (18, 34);
--查询 年龄在17岁到34岁之间的信息
select * from students where age between 17 and 34;
--查询 年纪不在18到34岁的信息
select * from students where age not between 17 and 34;
-- 空判断
-- 判断is null
-- 查询身高为空的信息
select * from students where high is null;
-- 判断非空is not null
select * from students where high is not null;
-- 排序
-- order by 字段
-- asc从小到大排列,即升序
-- desc从大到小排序,即降序
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁之间的男性,按照年纪从小到大
select * from students where gender=1 and age between 18 and 34 order by age;
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁之间的女性,身高从高到矮
select * from students where gender=2 and age between 18 and 34 order by high desc;
-- order by 多字段
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁的女性,身高从高到矮排序,如果身高相同的情况下按照年纪从小到大排序
select * from students where age between 18 and 34 and gender=2 order by high desc;
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁的男性,身高从高到矮排序,如果身高相同的情况下按照年纪从小到大排序,如果年龄也相等那么按照id从小到大排序;
select * from students where age between 18 and 34 and gender=1 order by high desc, age, id desc;
–聚合函数
– 总数
– count
– 查询男性有多少人
select count(*) from students where gender=1;
-- 最大值
-- max
-- 查询最大的年纪
select max(age) from students;
-- 查询女性的最高 身高
select max(high) from students where gender=2;
-- 最小值
-- min
select min(high) from students;
-- 求和
-- sum
-- 计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;
-- 平均值
-- avg
-- 计算平均年纪
-- 计算平均年纪 sum(age)/count(*)
select sum(age)/count(*) from students;
select avg(age) from students;
-- 保留2位小数
select round(avg(age),2) from students;
– 分组
– group by
– 按照性别分组,查询所有的性别
select gender from students group by gender;
-- 计算每组性别的人数
select gender, count(*) from students group by gender;
-- 查询男性组中的姓名 group_concat
select gender,group_concat(name) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
-- having
-- 查询每个性别平均年纪超过30岁的性别,以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having avg(age) > 30;
-- 查询每种性别中的人数多于4个的组的信息
select gender,group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>4;
– 分页
– 显示5页
select * from students limit 5;
-- 分页显示,每页显示2条数据
select * from students limit 0, 2;
-- 按照身高从高到矮排序,查找出所有女性,并且分页显示,每页显示2条数据
select * from students where gender=2 order by high desc limit 0,2;