flask框架入门

Flask是一个使用 Python 编写的轻量级 Web 应用框架。其 WSGI 工具箱采用 Werkzeug ，模板引擎则使用 Jinja2 。Flask使用 BSD 授权。Flask也被称为 “microframework” ，因为它使用简单的核心，用 extension 增加其他功能。Flask没有默认使用的数据库、窗体验证工具。Flask较其他同类型框架更为灵活、轻便、安全且容易上手。它可以很好地结合MVC模式进行开发，开发人员分工合作，小型团队在短时间内就可以完成功能丰富的中小型网站或Web服务的实现。另外，Flask还有很强的定制性，用户可以根据自己的需求来添加相应的功能，在保持核心功能简单的同时实现功能的丰富与扩展，其强大的插件库可以让用户实现个性化的网站定制，开发出功能强大的网站。

栈

先入后出

class Stack():
    def __init__(self,size):                       #定义栈
        self.size=size
        self.stack=[]
        self.top=-1
    def push(self,x):                               #入栈
        if self.isfull():
            raise exception("stack is full")
        else:
            self.stack.append(x)
            self.top=self.top+1   #["a"] self.top= 0 ["a","b"] self.top=1
    def pop(self):                                  #出栈
        if self.isempty():
            raise exception("stack is empty")
        else:
            self.top=self.top-1
            self.stack.pop()
    def isfull(self):
        return self.top+1 == self.size
    def isempty(self):
        return self.top == '-1'
    def showStack(self):
        print(self.stack)
s=Stack(10)
for i in range(6):
    s.push(i)
print(s.showStack())
for i in range(3):
    s.pop()
print(s.showStack())

队列

class Queue():
    def __init__(self,size):                #队列属性
        self.size=size
        self.putnum =-1
        self.getnum =-1
        self.queue=[]
    def put(self,element):                   #入队
        if self.isfull():
            raise exception("queue is full")
        else:
            self.queue.append(element)
            self.putnum=self.putnum+1
    def get(self):                            #出队
        if self.isempty():
            raise exception("queue is empty")
        else:
            self.queue.pop(0)
            self.getnum=self.getnum+1
    def isfull(self):
        return self.putnum-self.getnum+1 == self.size
    def isempty(self):
        return self.putnum == self.getnum
    def showQueue(self):
        print(self.queue)

q=Queue(10)
for i in range(6):
    q.put(i)
q.showQueue()
for i in range(3):
    q.get()
q.showQueue()

偏函数固定参数提取属性值

from functools import partial
class HttpRequest(object):                       #请求信息
    def __init__(self):
        self.method = "GET"
        self.body = b"name=abc@age=123"
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return  self.__dict__[item]
class Foo(object):                               #添加属性
    def __init__(self):
        self.request = HttpRequest()
        self.session = {"login":True,"is_super":False}
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.__dict__[item]
foo = Foo()                                      #从栈中提取的上下文
def func(args):
    return getattr(foo,args)
re_func = partial(func,'request')         #=====>re_func():HttpRequest()
se_func = partial(func,'session')         #======>se_func():{"login":True,"is_super":False}
class LocalProxy(object):                        #栈隔离
    def __init__(self,local):
        self._local = local
    def _get_current_object(self):
        print(self._local,self._local())
        return self._local()
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self._get_current_object(),item)
request = LocalProxy(re_func)             
ret = request['method']
print(ret)
session = LocalProxy(se_func)           #local={"login":True,"is_super":False}
print(session._get_current_object())
request1 = HttpRequest()
print(request1["method"])

给线程分配值

import time
import threading
class A:
    pass
local = A()
local = threading.local()
def func(n):
    local.val = n
    time.sleep(5)
    print(local.val)
for i in range(10):
    t = threading.Thread(target=func,args=(i,))
    t.start()

如果把第6行注释掉，运行结果为 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
如果把第5行注释掉，运行结果为 0~9随机排列
local = A()设置为全局变量
local = threading.local()设置为单个线程的私有变量

通过栈隔离来存取栈

from threading import current_thread as getcurrent
 class Local(object):
    def __init__(self):
        object.__setattr__(self,"_storage",{})
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        ident = getcurrent()   # 定制粒度更细的
        if ident in self._storage:
            self._storage[ident][key] = value
        else:
            self._storage[ident] = {key:value}
    def __getattr__(self, item):
        ident = getcurrent()
        return self._storage[ident][item]

class LocalStack(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.local = Local()
    def push(self,item):
        self.local.stack = []
        self.local.stack.append(item)
    def pop(self):
        return self.local.stack.pop()
    def top(self):
        return self.local.stack[-1]
_local_stack = LocalStack()
_local_stack.push(55)
print(_local_stack.top())  # 取栈顶元素

一个简单的flask框架

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
ViewFunctions = {}
def wapper(name):
    def _wapper(f):
        ViewFunctions[name] = f
        return f
    return _wapper
@wapper("/home")
def home():
    return [b'<h1>Hello, web!</h1>']
@wapper("/favicon.ico")
def pic():
    return [b'<h1>pic!</h1>']
print(ViewFunctions)
class Flask:
    def __init__(self):
        self.view_functions = {}
    def __call__(self,environ, start_response):
        key = environ['PATH_INFO']
        print(key)
        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
        return ViewFunctions[key]()
application = Flask()
httpd = make_server('', 8000, application)
# 开始监听HTTP请求:
httpd.serve_forever()