Sting类的实现

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

class String{
public:
	String(const char *str = NULL);				//构造函数
	String(const String &str);					//拷贝构造函数
	~String();									//析构函数
	String operator+(const String &str) const;			//重载+运算符
	String& operator=(const String &str);				//重载=运算符
	String& operator+=(const String &str);				//重载+=运算符
	bool operator==(const String &str) const;			//重载==运算符
	char& operator[](int n) const;						//重载[]运算符
	size_t size() const;						//字符串长度
	const char* c_str() const;					//返回字符串常量
	friend istream& operator>>(istream &is, String &str);		//重载输入
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, String &str);		//重载输出
private:
	char *data;
	size_t length;
};

String::String(const char *str){
	if(!str){
		length = 0;
		data = new char[1];
		*data = '\0';
	}
	else{
		length = strlen(str);
		data = new char[length + 1];
		memcpy(data, str, length + 1);
	}
}

String::String(const String &str){
	length = str.size();
	data = new char[length + 1];
	memcpy(data, str.data, length + 1);
}

String::~String(){
	length = 0;
	delete []data;
}

String String::operator+(const String &str) const{
	String new_str;
	new_str.length = length + str.size();
	new_str.data = new char[new_str.length + 1];
	strcpy(new_str.data, data);
	strcat(new_str.data, str.data);
	return new_str;
}

String& String::operator=(const String &str){
	if(this == &str){
		return *this;
	}
	delete []data;
	length = str.size();
	data = new char[length + 1];
	memcpy(data, str.data, length + 1);
	return *this;
}

String& String::operator+=(const String &str){
	length += str.size();
	char *new_str = new char[length + 1];
	strcpy(new_str, data);
	strcat(new_str, str.data);
	delete []data;
	data = new_str;
	return *this;
}

bool String::operator==(const String &str) const{
	if(length != str.size()){
		return false;
	}
	return strcmp(data, str.data)?false:true;
}

char& String::operator[](int n) const{
	if(n >= length){
		return data[length - 1];
	}
	return data[n];
}

size_t String::size() const{
	return length;
}

const char* String::c_str() const{
	return data;
}

istream& operator>>(istream &is, String &str){
	char buf[1024];
	is >> buf;
	str.length = strlen(buf);
	memcpy(str.data, buf, str.length + 1);
	return is;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, String &str){

	os << str.data;
	return os;
}


int main(){
	String str1, str3, str4;;
	String str2 = " world!";
	cin >> str1;
	cout << str1[3] << endl;
	str3 = str1 + str2;
	str4 += str3;
	if(str3 == str4){
		cout << "equal!" << endl;
	}
	cout << str3.size() << endl;
	const char *c = str3.c_str();
	cout << c << endl;
	cout << str4 << endl;
	return 0;
}