linux环境下安装psycopg2库出现异常

在linux环境下，第一次安装psycopg2库可能会出现如下异常

Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [37 lines of output]
      running egg_info
      creating /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-sd9qo_2t/psycopg2.egg-info
      writing /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-sd9qo_2t/psycopg2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-sd9qo_2t/psycopg2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-sd9qo_2t/psycopg2.egg-info/top_level.txt
      writing manifest file '/tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-sd9qo_2t/psycopg2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
      /envs/django_study/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py:293: _DeprecatedConfig: Deprecated config in `setup.cfg`
      !!
      
              ********************************************************************************
              The license_file parameter is deprecated, use license_files instead.
      
              By 2023-Oct-30, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls
              or your builds will no longer be supported.
      
              See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details.
              ********************************************************************************
      
      !!
        parsed = self.parsers.get(option_name, lambda x: x)(value)
      
      Error: pg_config executable not found.
      
      pg_config is required to build psycopg2 from source.  Please add the directory
      containing pg_config to the $PATH or specify the full executable path with the
      option:
      
          python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...
      
      or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'.
      
      If you prefer to avoid building psycopg2 from source, please install the PyPI
      'psycopg2-binary' package instead.
      
      For further information please check the 'doc/src/install.rst' file (also at
      <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html>).
      
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

这个错误是由于在安装Python包时，psycopg2（用于与PostgreSQL数据库连接的Python库）尝试从源代码构建而没有找到pg_config可执行文件引起的。

要解决这个问题，您可以采取以下步骤：

安装pg_config：如果您仍然想从源代码构建psycopg2，则需要安装pg_config可执行文件。您可以使用以下命令来安装pg_config：

• 在Debian/Ubuntu上：2

  sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

•  在CentOS/RHEL上：

  sudo yum install postgresql-devel

• 在macOS上（使用Homebrew）：

  brew install postgresql
  

安装完pg_config后，您可以再次尝试安装psycopg2。