Spring ioC的简单理解与使用

Hello！CSDN的学哥学姐们，大家好！这是我第一次发文章，写的不好的地方请多多指教

那接下来我将向大家分享下我对Spring ioc的一些理解：

IoC : 是 Spring 的核心(控制反转),Spring 通过 IoC 容器来管理对象的实例化和初始化，以及对象从创建到销毁的整个生命周期

也就是说，学了Spring ioc，会改变我们往常获取对象的方式，不在直接new，而是从Spring容器中去拿，接下来上代码体验一下吧

前提条件:创建一个 maven的web项目,idea创建如图:

 

目录结构

pom.xml依赖坐标代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>Spring_Test</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>Spring_Test Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.49</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.2.8</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.6</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.12</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.14</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Spring_Test</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1</version>
          <configuration>
            <source>1.8</source>
            <target>1.8</target>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3.6</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

application.xml(Spring核心配置文件) 代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       default-lazy-init="true"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--        包扫描的位置-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.wanshi"/>

<!--        user的bean对象-->
        <bean id="userService" class="com.wanshi.service.userService"/>
</beans>

userService对象 代码:

package com.wanshi.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class userService {

    static {
        System.out.println("userService初始化了");
    }

}

单元测试对象 代码:

package com.wanshi.test;

import com.wanshi.service.userService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Test {


    @org.junit.Test
    public void Test() throws IOException {
//        初始化工厂对象,用于获取Spring容器中的bean对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
//        打印从Spring容器中拿到的userService对象
        userService userservice= (userService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
        System.out.println(userservice);

    }

}

application.xml中的<bean>标签,就是容器中的一个实体类对象,我们要使用的时候，直接用注解或创建ApplicationContext(Spring管理的全局环境对象)可以取得，这里我们先来说一下第二种取得方式:

1.创建ApplicationContext对象:

ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");

 2.通过该对象的getBean方法取得userService的bean对象

userService userservice= (userService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");

 这样我们就拿到了userService的对象了，这就是对Spring IoC的一个简单应用，结合注解开发可以很好的提高整体代码的低耦合。总的来说，很好用，很高级

新手小白第一次写博文,还请各位大佬多多指教！十分感谢！！！