使用 typescript 手动&快速 创建项目（day10）

使用ts编写react应用

手动创建

• 安装 reacy 以及 react-dom

  • npm i react react-dom

• 安装对应声明文件

  • npm i -D @types/react @types/react-dom

• 修改配置项 tsconfig.ts

  {
      "compilerOptions": {
        /* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json to read more about this file */
    
        /* Basic Options */
        // "incremental": true,                   /* Enable incremental compilation */
        "target": "es5" /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */,
        "module": "commonjs" /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */,
        // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
        // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
        // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
        "jsx": "react",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
        // "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
        // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
        // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
        // "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
        // "outDir": "./",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
        // "rootDir": "./",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
        // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
        // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
        // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
        // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
        // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
        // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
        // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */
    
        /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
        "strict": true /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */,
        // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
        // "strictNullChecks": false,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
        // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
        // "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
        // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
        // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
        // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
    
        /* Additional Checks */
        // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
        // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
        // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
        // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
    
        /* Module Resolution Options */
        // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
        // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
        // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
        // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
        // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
        // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
        // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
        "esModuleInterop": true /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */,
        // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
        "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */,
    
        /* Source Map Options */
        // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
        // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
        // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
        // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */
    
        /* Experimental Options */
        // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
        // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
    
        /* Advanced Options */
        "skipLibCheck": true /* Skip type checking of declaration files. */,
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
      }
    }
    
  

• 在 src 目录下新建 components 文件夹

• 在 components 目录下新建 demo 文件夹

• 在 demo 目录下新建 Hello.tsx 组件

  // src/cpmponents/demo/Hello.tsx
  import React from "react";
  
  interface Greeting{
      name: string;
  }
  
  const Hello = ( props: Greeting ) => <h1>Hello {props.name}</h1>
  
  export default Hello
  

• 将 index.ts 改为 index.tsx

  // src/index.tsx
  import React from 'react';
  import ReactDom from 'react-dom';
  
  import Hello from './components/demo/Hello';
  
  ReactDom.render(
      <Hello name="Typescript" />,
      document.querySelectorAll('.app')[0]
  )
  

• 修改 build / webpack.base.config.js
  

• 运行项目

  • npm start
    

• 优化webpack打包
  因为react库体积很大，一般情况下会把库文件和业务文件拆分成两个文件，这样可以充分利用浏览器的缓存。

  • 修改webpack配置

    // 公共环境的配置
    
    //引入类型检查插件
    // const ForkTsCheckWebpackPlugin = require('fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin')
    
    //awesome-typescript-loader自带类型检查插件
    const { CheckerPlugin } = require('awesome-typescript-loader')
    
    const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
    
    module.exports = {
      // 指定入口文件
      entry: {
        'app': './src/index.tsx',
      },
      output: {
        // 输出文件名，输出目录默认disk
        filename: '[name].[chunkhash:8].js',
      },
      resolve: {
        // 指定扩展名
        extensions: ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx'],
      },
      module: {
        rules: [
          {
            // 安装ts-loader : npm i ts-loader typescript -D
            // ts-loader正则，以ts或tsx结尾的文件
            test: /\.tsx?$/i,
            use: [{
              // loader: 'ts-loader',
              // 安装  npm i awesome-typescript-loader -D
              loader: 'awesome-typescript-loader',  
              options:{
                //安装插件做类型检查 npm i fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin -D
                transpileOnly: true //只语言转换，不做类型检查
              }
            }],
            // 排除
            exclude: /node_modules/,
          },
        ],
      },
      plugins: [
        // 插件，通过模板生成网站首页，把输入文件嵌入，需要安装
        // npm i html-webpack-plugin -D
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
          template: './src/tpl/index.html',
        }),
        // new ForkTsCheckWebpackPlugin(),
        // new CheckerPlugin(),
      ],
      optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
          chunks: 'all'
        }
      }
    };
    

• 新建终端，执行生产环境的构建

  • npm run build
    
    app : 业务代码
    vendors ： 库代码

• 修改代码

  // src/index.tsx
  import React from 'react';
  import ReactDom from 'react-dom';
  
  import Hello from './components/demo/Hello';
  
  ReactDom.render(
      <Hello name="Typescript!!!!!!" />,
      document.querySelectorAll('.app')[0]
  )
  

• 重新构建
  
  app后hash值已经改变，vendors没有改变，被浏览器缓存。

• 简单的 react 工程创建完毕。

快速创建

使用脚本+工具

• 返回到 ts_in_ation 上级目录

• 执行命令npx create-react-app ts-react-app --typescript

  • 使用 npx 可以避免全局安装，这样在装脚手架时可以下载到一个临时目录下。使用过后删除。

• 打开文件夹

• 运行npm start启动项目

• 目录结构
  
  webpack等配置隐藏到了react-scripts中
  使用eject命令可以暴露出一些隐藏配置（不必要且不可逆）。

• 改造工程

  • 安装 npm i antd

  • 安装 npm i axios

  • 安装 npm i @types/react-dom

  • 安装 npm i @types/react

  • 安装 npm i @types/jest

  • 安装 npm i @types/node

  • 安装 npm i react-router-dom

  • 安装 npm i typescript
    

  • 安装npm i @types/react-router-dom -D

  • 安装npm i npm i babel-plugin-import -D

  • 安装npm i npm i customize-cra -D

  • 安装npm i http-proxy-middleware -D

  • 安装npm i http-server -D

  • 安装npm i react-app-rewired -D
    

• 在根目录下创建文件 config.overrides.js 文件

  // config.overrides.js
  //按需加载
  const { override, fixBableImports } = require('customize-cra')
  
  module.exports = override(
      fixBableImports('import', {
          libraryName: 'antd',
          libraryDirextory: 'es',
          style: 'css'
      })
  );
  

• 重新启动 npm start
  

• 在 src/cpmponents/demo/Hello.tsx 中引入button组件

  // src/cpmponents/demo/Hello.tsx
  import React from "react";
  
  import { Button } from 'antd'
  
  interface Greeting{
      name: string;
  }
  
  const Hello = ( props: Greeting ) => <button>Hello {props.name}</button>
  
  export default Hello