udp ipv6 socket 如何在多网卡环境通过辅助数据指定ip发送报文

在多网卡环境中，udp ipv6 socket 通过设置套接字选项IPV6_PKTINFO，然后在发送数据的时候携带辅助数据指定出口网卡ip发送.c代码实现：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/ipv6.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define SOURCE_IP "2001:db8::2"  // Replace with your source IPv6 address
#define DESTINATION_IP "2001:db8::1"
#define UDP_PORT 12345


int sockfd;


int sock_init()
{
        int val = 1;
        struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
        addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
        addr.sin6_port = htons(12345);
        addr.sin6_addr = in6addr_any;
        struct in6_pktinfo info;
        memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
        info.ipi6_addr = in6addr_any;

        sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
        if (sockfd == -1) {
                perror("socket");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        
        if (setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &info, sizeof(info)) != 0)
        {
                perror("set IPPROTO_IPV6 IPV6_PKTINFO");
                goto quit;
        }


        if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) != 0)
        {
                perror("bind");
        }

        return 0;

quit:
        close(sockfd);
        return -1;
}

int main() {
    struct sockaddr_in6 dest_addr;
    struct msghdr msg;
    struct iovec iov;
    struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
    char control_buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))];
    char data[] = "Hello, UDP!";

    // Create UDP socket
    if (sock_init() != 0)
    {
            printf("socket init error\n");
            return -1;
    }

    // Set destination address
    memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
    dest_addr.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
    inet_pton(AF_INET6, DESTINATION_IP, &dest_addr.sin6_addr);
    dest_addr.sin6_port = htons(UDP_PORT);

    // Prepare message
    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
    msg.msg_name = &dest_addr;
    msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);

    // Prepare data to send
    iov.iov_base = data;
    iov.iov_len = sizeof(data);
    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    // Prepare control message with source IP information
    memset(control_buf, 0, sizeof(control_buf));
    msg.msg_control = control_buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(control_buf);

    cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));

    struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
    inet_pton(AF_INET6, SOURCE_IP, &pktinfo->ipi6_addr);

    // Send the message
    if (sendmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0) == -1) {
        perror("sendmsg");
        close(sockfd);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Data sent successfully.\n");

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

others:

如果是ipv4, 在套接字设置时应该为：

int on = 1;
setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_PKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on));

在发送udp报文的时候辅助数据结构体采用struct in_pktinfo