MySql基础01

SQL语句表

/*
SQLyog Ultimate v11.25 (64 bit)
MySQL - 5.5.28 : Database - myemployees
*********************************************************************
*/


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/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=''*/;

/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
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CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`myemployees` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gb2312 */;

USE `myemployees`;

/*Table structure for table `departments` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `departments`;

CREATE TABLE `departments` (
  `department_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `department_name` varchar(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `location_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`department_id`),
  KEY `loc_id_fk` (`location_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `loc_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`location_id`) REFERENCES `locations` (`location_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=271 DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

/*Data for the table `departments` */

insert  into `departments`(`department_id`,`department_name`,`manager_id`,`location_id`) values (10,'Adm',200,1700),(20,'Mar',201,1800),(30,'Pur',114,1700),(40,'Hum',203,2400),(50,'Shi',121,1500),(60,'IT',103,1400),(70,'Pub',204,2700),(80,'Sal',145,2500),(90,'Exe',100,1700),(100,'Fin',108,1700),(110,'Acc',205,1700),(120,'Tre',NULL,1700),(130,'Cor',NULL,1700),(140,'Con',NULL,1700),(150,'Sha',NULL,1700),(160,'Ben',NULL,1700),(170,'Man',NULL,1700),(180,'Con',NULL,1700),(190,'Con',NULL,1700),(200,'Ope',NULL,1700),(210,'IT ',NULL,1700),(220,'NOC',NULL,1700),(230,'IT ',NULL,1700),(240,'Gov',NULL,1700),(250,'Ret',NULL,1700),(260,'Rec',NULL,1700),(270,'Pay',NULL,1700);

/*Table structure for table `employees` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`;

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
  `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `first_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `last_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `job_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `salary` double(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `commission_pct` double(4,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
  KEY `dept_id_fk` (`department_id`),
  KEY `job_id_fk` (`job_id`),
  KEY `mgr_fk` (`manager_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `mgr_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `dept_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `job_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=207 DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

/*Data for the table `employees` */

insert  into `employees`(`employee_id`,`first_name`,`last_name`,`email`,`phone_number`,`job_id`,`salary`,`commission_pct`,`manager_id`,`department_id`) values (100,'Steven','King','SKING','515.123.4567','AD_PRES',24000.00,NULL,NULL,90),(101,'N_ann','Kochhar','NKOCHHAR','515.123.4568','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(102,'Lex','De Haan','LDEHAAN','515.123.4569','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(103,'Alexander','Hunold','AHUNOLD','590.423.4567','IT_PROG',9000.00,NULL,102,60),(104,'Bruce','Ernst','BERNST','590.423.4568','IT_PROG',6000.00,NULL,103,60),(105,'David','Austin','DAUSTIN','590.423.4569','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(106,'Valli','Pataballa','VPATABAL','590.423.4560','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(107,'Diana','Lorentz','DLORENTZ','590.423.5567','IT_PROG',4200.00,NULL,103,60),(108,'Nancy','Greenberg','NGREENBE','515.124.4569','FI_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,100),(109,'Daniel','Faviet','DFAVIET','515.124.4169','FI_ACCOUNT',9000.00,NULL,108,100),(110,'John','Chen','JCHEN','515.124.4269','FI_ACCOUNT',8200.00,NULL,108,100),(111,'Ismael','Sciarra','ISCIARRA','515.124.4369','FI_ACCOUNT',7700.00,NULL,108,100),(112,'Jose Manuel','Urman','JMURMAN','515.124.4469','FI_ACCOUNT',7800.00,NULL,108,100),(113,'Luis','Popp','LPOPP','515.124.4567','FI_ACCOUNT',6900.00,NULL,108,100),(114,'Den','Raphaely','DRAPHEAL','515.127.4561','PU_MAN',11000.00,NULL,100,30),(115,'Alexander','Khoo','AKHOO','515.127.4562','PU_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,114,30),(116,'Shelli','Baida','SBAIDA','515.127.4563','PU_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,114,30),(117,'Sigal','Tobias','STOBIAS','515.127.4564','PU_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,114,30),(118,'Guy','Himuro','GHIMURO','515.127.4565','PU_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,114,30),(119,'Karen','Colmenares','KCOLMENA','515.127.4566','PU_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,114,30),(120,'Matthew','Weiss','MWEISS','650.123.1234','ST_MAN',8000.00,NULL,100,50),(121,'Adam','Fripp','AFRIPP','650.123.2234','ST_MAN',8200.00,NULL,100,50),(122,'Payam','Kaufling','PKAUFLIN','650.123.3234','ST_MAN',7900.00,NULL,100,50),(123,'Shanta','Vollman','SVOLLMAN','650.123.4234','ST_MAN',6500.00,NULL,100,50),(124,'Kevin','Mourgos','KMOURGOS','650.123.5234','ST_MAN',5800.00,NULL,100,50),(125,'Julia','Nayer','JNAYER','650.124.1214','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(126,'Irene','Mikkilineni','IMIKKILI','650.124.1224','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,120,50),(127,'James','Landry','JLANDRY','650.124.1334','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,120,50),(128,'Steven','Markle','SMARKLE','650.124.1434','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,120,50),(129,'Laura','Bissot','LBISSOT','650.124.5234','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,121,50),(130,'Mozhe','Atkinson','MATKINSO','650.124.6234','ST_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,121,50),(131,'James','Marlow','JAMRLOW','650.124.7234','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,121,50),(132,'TJ','Olson','TJOLSON','650.124.8234','ST_CLERK',2100.00,NULL,121,50),(133,'Jason','Mallin','JMALLIN','650.127.1934','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,122,50),(134,'Michael','Rogers','MROGERS','650.127.1834','ST_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(135,'Ki','Gee','KGEE','650.127.1734','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,122,50),(136,'Hazel','Philtanker','HPHILTAN','650.127.1634','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,122,50),(137,'Renske','Ladwig','RLADWIG','650.121.1234','ST_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,123,50),(138,'Stephen','Stiles','SSTILES','650.121.2034','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(139,'John','Seo','JSEO','650.121.2019','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,123,50),(140,'Joshua','Patel','JPATEL','650.121.1834','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,123,50),(141,'Trenna','Rajs','TRAJS','650.121.8009','ST_CLERK',3500.00,NULL,124,50),(142,'Curtis','Davies','CDAVIES','650.121.2994','ST_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(143,'Randall','Matos','RMATOS','650.121.2874','ST_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(144,'Peter','Vargas','PVARGAS','650.121.2004','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,124,50),(145,'John','Russell','JRUSSEL','011.44.1344.429268','SA_MAN',14000.00,0.40,100,80),(146,'Karen','Partners','KPARTNER','011.44.1344.467268','SA_MAN',13500.00,0.30,100,80),(147,'Alberto','Errazuriz','AERRAZUR','011.44.1344.429278','SA_MAN',12000.00,0.30,100,80),(148,'Gerald','Cambrault','GCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.619268','SA_MAN',11000.00,0.30,100,80),(149,'Eleni','Zlotkey','EZLOTKEY','011.44.1344.429018','SA_MAN',10500.00,0.20,100,80),(150,'Peter','Tucker','PTUCKER','011.44.1344.129268','SA_REP',10000.00,0.30,145,80),(151,'David','Bernstein','DBERNSTE','011.44.1344.345268','SA_REP',9500.00,0.25,145,80),(152,'Peter','Hall','PHALL','011.44.1344.478968','SA_REP',9000.00,0.25,145,80),(153,'Christopher','Olsen','COLSEN','011.44.1344.498718','SA_REP',8000.00,0.20,145,80),(154,'Nanette','Cambrault','NCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.987668','SA_REP',7500.00,0.20,145,80),(155,'Oliver','Tuvault','OTUVAULT','011.44.1344.486508','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,145,80),(156,'Janette','King','JKING','011.44.1345.429268','SA_REP',10000.00,0.35,146,80),(157,'Patrick','Sully','PSULLY','011.44.1345.929268','SA_REP',9500.00,0.35,146,80),(158,'Allan','McEwen','AMCEWEN','011.44.1345.829268','SA_REP',9000.00,0.35,146,80),(159,'Lindsey','Smith','LSMITH','011.44.1345.729268','SA_REP',8000.00,0.30,146,80),(160,'Louise','Doran','LDORAN','011.44.1345.629268','SA_REP',7500.00,0.30,146,80),(161,'Sarath','Sewall','SSEWALL','011.44.1345.529268','SA_REP',7000.00,0.25,146,80),(162,'Clara','Vishney','CVISHNEY','011.44.1346.129268','SA_REP',10500.00,0.25,147,80),(163,'Danielle','Greene','DGREENE','011.44.1346.229268','SA_REP',9500.00,0.15,147,80),(164,'Mattea','Marvins','MMARVINS','011.44.1346.329268','SA_REP',7200.00,0.10,147,80),(165,'David','Lee','DLEE','011.44.1346.529268','SA_REP',6800.00,0.10,147,80),(166,'Sundar','Ande','SANDE','011.44.1346.629268','SA_REP',6400.00,0.10,147,80),(167,'Amit','Banda','ABANDA','011.44.1346.729268','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,147,80),(168,'Lisa','Ozer','LOZER','011.44.1343.929268','SA_REP',11500.00,0.25,148,80),(169,'Harrison','Bloom','HBLOOM','011.44.1343.829268','SA_REP',10000.00,0.20,148,80),(170,'Tayler','Fox','TFOX','011.44.1343.729268','SA_REP',9600.00,0.20,148,80),(171,'William','Smith','WSMITH','011.44.1343.629268','SA_REP',7400.00,0.15,148,80),(172,'Elizabeth','Bates','EBATES','011.44.1343.529268','SA_REP',7300.00,0.15,148,80),(173,'Sundita','Kumar','SKUMAR','011.44.1343.329268','SA_REP',6100.00,0.10,148,80),(174,'Ellen','Abel','EABEL','011.44.1644.429267','SA_REP',11000.00,0.30,149,80),(175,'Alyssa','Hutton','AHUTTON','011.44.1644.429266','SA_REP',8800.00,0.25,149,80),(176,'Jonathon','Taylor','JTAYLOR','011.44.1644.429265','SA_REP',8600.00,0.20,149,80),(177,'Jack','Livingston','JLIVINGS','011.44.1644.429264','SA_REP',8400.00,0.20,149,80),(178,'Kimberely','Grant','KGRANT','011.44.1644.429263','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,149,NULL),(179,'Charles','Johnson','CJOHNSON','011.44.1644.429262','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,149,80),(180,'Winston','Taylor','WTAYLOR','650.507.9876','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(181,'Jean','Fleaur','JFLEAUR','650.507.9877','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,120,50),(182,'Martha','Sullivan','MSULLIVA','650.507.9878','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,120,50),(183,'Girard','Geoni','GGEONI','650.507.9879','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,120,50),(184,'Nandita','Sarchand','NSARCHAN','650.509.1876','SH_CLERK',4200.00,NULL,121,50),(185,'Alexis','Bull','ABULL','650.509.2876','SH_CLERK',4100.00,NULL,121,50),(186,'Julia','Dellinger','JDELLING','650.509.3876','SH_CLERK',3400.00,NULL,121,50),(187,'Anthony','Cabrio','ACABRIO','650.509.4876','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,121,50),(188,'Kelly','Chung','KCHUNG','650.505.1876','SH_CLERK',3800.00,NULL,122,50),(189,'Jennifer','Dilly','JDILLY','650.505.2876','SH_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,122,50),(190,'Timothy','Gates','TGATES','650.505.3876','SH_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(191,'Randall','Perkins','RPERKINS','650.505.4876','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,122,50),(192,'Sarah','Bell','SBELL','650.501.1876','SH_CLERK',4000.00,NULL,123,50),(193,'Britney','Everett','BEVERETT','650.501.2876','SH_CLERK',3900.00,NULL,123,50),(194,'Samuel','McCain','SMCCAIN','650.501.3876','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(195,'Vance','Jones','VJONES','650.501.4876','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,123,50),(196,'Alana','Walsh','AWALSH','650.507.9811','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(197,'Kevin','Feeney','KFEENEY','650.507.9822','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,124,50),(198,'Donald','OConnell','DOCONNEL','650.507.9833','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(199,'Douglas','Grant','DGRANT','650.507.9844','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(200,'Jennifer','Whalen','JWHALEN','515.123.4444','AD_ASST',4400.00,NULL,101,10),(201,'Michael','Hartstein','MHARTSTE','515.123.5555','MK_MAN',13000.00,NULL,100,20),(202,'Pat','Fay','PFAY','603.123.6666','MK_REP',6000.00,NULL,201,20),(203,'Susan','Mavris','SMAVRIS','515.123.7777','HR_REP',6500.00,NULL,101,40),(204,'Hermann','Baer','HBAER','515.123.8888','PR_REP',10000.00,NULL,101,70),(205,'Shelley','Higgins','SHIGGINS','515.123.8080','AC_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,110),(206,'William','Gietz','WGIETZ','515.123.8181','AC_ACCOUNT',8300.00,NULL,205,110);

/*Table structure for table `job_grades` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_grades`;

CREATE TABLE `job_grades` (
  `GRADE` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `LOWEST_SAL` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `HIGHEST_SAL` int(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

/*Data for the table `job_grades` */

insert  into `job_grades`(`GRADE`,`LOWEST_SAL`,`HIGHEST_SAL`) values ('a',1000,2999),('b',3000,5999),('c',6000,9999),('d',10000,14999),('e',15000,24999),('f',25000,40000);

/*Table structure for table `jobs` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jobs`;

CREATE TABLE `jobs` (
  `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `job_title` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
  `min_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `max_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`job_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

/*Data for the table `jobs` */

insert  into `jobs`(`job_id`,`job_title`,`min_salary`,`max_salary`) values ('AC_ACCOUNT','Public Accountant',4200,9000),('AC_MGR','Accounting Manager',8200,16000),('AD_ASST','Administration Assistant',3000,6000),('AD_PRES','President',20000,40000),('AD_VP','Administration Vice President',15000,30000),('FI_ACCOUNT','Accountant',4200,9000),('FI_MGR','Finance Manager',8200,16000),('HR_REP','Human Resources Representative',4000,9000),('IT_PROG','Programmer',4000,10000),('MK_MAN','Marketing Manager',9000,15000),('MK_REP','Marketing Representative',4000,9000),('PR_REP','Public Relations Representative',4500,10500),('PU_CLERK','Purchasing Clerk',2500,5500),('PU_MAN','Purchasing Manager',8000,15000),('SA_MAN','Sales Manager',10000,20000),('SA_REP','Sales Representative',6000,12000),('SH_CLERK','Shipping Clerk',2500,5500),('ST_CLERK','Stock Clerk',2000,5000),('ST_MAN','Stock Manager',5500,8500);

/*Table structure for table `locations` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `locations`;

CREATE TABLE `locations` (
  `location_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `street_address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  `postal_code` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
  `city` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `state_province` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  `country_id` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`location_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3201 DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

/*Data for the table `locations` */

insert  into `locations`(`location_id`,`street_address`,`postal_code`,`city`,`state_province`,`country_id`) values (1000,'1297 Via Cola di Rie','00989','Roma',NULL,'IT'),(1100,'93091 Calle della Testa','10934','Venice',NULL,'IT'),(1200,'2017 Shinjuku-ku','1689','Tokyo','Tokyo Prefecture','JP'),(1300,'9450 Kamiya-cho','6823','Hiroshima',NULL,'JP'),(1400,'2014 Jabberwocky Rd','26192','Southlake','Texas','US'),(1500,'2011 Interiors Blvd','99236','South San Francisco','California','US'),(1600,'2007 Zagora St','50090','South Brunswick','New Jersey','US'),(1700,'2004 Charade Rd','98199','Seattle','Washington','US'),(1800,'147 Spadina Ave','M5V 2L7','Toronto','Ontario','CA'),(1900,'6092 Boxwood St','YSW 9T2','Whitehorse','Yukon','CA'),(2000,'40-5-12 Laogianggen','190518','Beijing',NULL,'CN'),(2100,'1298 Vileparle (E)','490231','Bombay','Maharashtra','IN'),(2200,'12-98 Victoria Street','2901','Sydney','New South Wales','AU'),(2300,'198 Clementi North','540198','Singapore',NULL,'SG'),(2400,'8204 Arthur St',NULL,'London',NULL,'UK'),(2500,'Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park','OX9 9ZB','Oxford','Oxford','UK'),(2600,'9702 Chester Road','09629850293','Stretford','Manchester','UK'),(2700,'Schwanthalerstr. 7031','80925','Munich','Bavaria','DE'),(2800,'Rua Frei Caneca 1360 ','01307-002','Sao Paulo','Sao Paulo','BR'),(2900,'20 Rue des Corps-Saints','1730','Geneva','Geneve','CH'),(3000,'Murtenstrasse 921','3095','Bern','BE','CH'),(3100,'Pieter Breughelstraat 837','3029SK','Utrecht','Utrecht','NL'),(3200,'Mariano Escobedo 9991','11932','Mexico City','Distrito Federal,','MX');

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
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/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

知识整理

           Mysql数据库

为什么使用数据库
1:海量存储,永久保存
2:分布式部署,高度集成
3:权限明显,安全性高
4:数据分析,查询效率高,可以通过已有数据生成新的有效数据
Mysql的安装:
通过文档可以查看
不同的版本安装方法也不尽相同

数据库存放数据的格式
描述格式相同的实体,存放在同一张表中
数据存放在表中
表存放在数据库中
数据库的表的行相当于,一行数据也叫一条记录,一条记录就是一个实体
数据库的列描述格式,相当于类中的属性
数据库的表就相当于一个类

用数据文件创建数据库
可以使用sqlyong找到要执行的sql脚本来完成这个操作
也可以将数据库脚本文件全选粘贴到查询的框中,全不选中,点击执行按钮
也可以通过cmd source sql脚本的位置 来进行导入脚本文件
想看表就得先找库,具体的表存在具体库的下面

注释:
– 单行

单行

/* */ 多行注释

DQL数据库查询语言
存数据的目的就是为了各种查询
基础查询:
查询的内容和区别
sqlyong中选种f8是运行选中的命令
SELECT 110; # 查询数值型,直接写值,不需要加单引号或者双引号,加上也可以
SELECT ‘管理员’; # 查询字符型和日期必须加单双引号
SELECT * FROM employees;

查询表达式的运行结果

SELECT 999+110; # 如果加号两端都是数值,直接相加,结果集就是结果

SELECT 999+‘abc’; # 如果加号两端有一端是字符,那么就会将字符转换为数值
如果转换成功则相加,并返回结果,如果转换失败,则变成0代表. 结果是999

SELECT 999+‘123’; 这个可以转换成功,结果是1122
SELECT ‘999’+‘110’; 转换成功相加

如果执行像个字符串的拼接怎么使用:
SELECT CONCAT(‘abc’,‘999’);
SELECT CONCAT(444,999); 也可以执行,里面默认就是字符串
函数的返回值:
SELECT VERSION(); 返回当前musql的版本信息
SELECT DATABASE(); 返回当前数据的名,这俩必须加括号

返回表中的单个列:
select 列名 from 表名;
SELECT employee_id FROM employees;

查询返回多个列
多个列名使用逗号进行间隔
SELECT employee_id,first_name,last_name FROM employees;

查询返回所有列

查询后面跟所有的列的列名

SELECT
employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
email,
phone_number,
job_id,
salary,
commission_pct,
manager_id,
department_id
FROM employees;
java程序中不能写*,必须一个一个写.

查询 * 默认就是查询所有

SELECT * FROM employees;

练习:
查询所有员工的编号,姓名和年薪
SELECT employee_id,first_name,last_name,salary * 12 FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id,first_name,last_name,salary12 FROM employees;
SELECT employee_id,first_name,last_name,(salary12) FROM employees;
这三种方式都可以,建议使用第三种,括号中两端加一个空格
如果加号两端有一个是null,那么返回结果一定是null
SELECT 11+NULL; 结果是null
在计算奖金的时候不能这样算,需要使用ifnull如果奖金系数为null使用0代替1+0还是1
SELECT employee_id,first_name,last_name,(salary12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0))) FROM employees;
给列起别名
SELECT
employee_id,first_name,last_name,(salary12(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0))) AS ‘年薪’
FROM employees;
# 可以省略关键字AS
SELECT
employee_id,first_name,last_name,(salary12(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0))) ‘月薪’
FROM employees;
# 单引号也可以不写,一般习惯写单引号
# 如果月薪中将有一个空格不加单引号就会错误
# 在列明的别名中有特殊字符,那么两端必须加单引号
SELECT
employee_id,first_name,last_name,(salary12(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0))) 月薪
FROM employees;

条件查询

查询工资大于一万的

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary>10000;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 10000;
执行的where子句是,逐行检索,匹配每一行的条件,如果这一行的条件符合where自居的表达式,那么就会被提取出来
如果条件不符合where子句,则这一行数据被过滤掉,结果就是结果集中保留符合where检索条件的记录

where子句可以写哪些形式
关系运算组成的表达式
关系运算符: == > < >= <= != java
= > < >= <= !=或<> mysql

  逻辑运算组成的表达式
     逻辑运算符:   &    |    !    java mysql中也可以使用但是不推荐
                 and   or   not   mysql中的
  模糊查询
     like, between, and, in, is null, is not null

关系运算符

查询所有隶属it部门的员工信息,it部门的id就是60

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id =60;

查询manager_id不是103的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id <> 103;

所有工资在15000到20000之间的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary >= 15000 AND salary <=20000;

查询manager_id 是102或者103的员工的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id =103 OR manager_id = 102;

AND的优先级高于OR
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE (salary > 5000 AND department_id=60) OR manager_id=102;
优先级高,先算and再算or,最好加括号
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id=102 OR salary > 5000 AND department_id=60;

manager_id不是103的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id!=103;
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE NOT(manager_id=103);

查询工资不在10000到20000之间的

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE NOT(salary > 10000 AND salary < 20000);

模糊查询

所有名字以E开头的员工信息, like代表像,必须要和通配符进行配合,%代表任意长度个任意字符

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘e%’;

所有名字中有e的员工信息

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘%e%’;

第二个字母是e的员工信息,_代表一个长度个任意字符

SELECT * FROM empoyees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘_e%’;

倒数第三个字母是F的

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘%f__’;

查询第二个字母是_的员工,需要保证第二个字母不是通配符,需要进行转义,\转义字符

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘__%’;

mysql为我们提供了另外转义的方式,任意字符转义字符$,_

定义$为转义字符

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘_KaTeX parse error: Expected group after '_' at position 1: _̲%' ESCAPE('’);

定义a为转义字符,自定义不推荐使用字母,一般使用$来定义

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘a%’ ESCAPE(‘a’);

查看表结构
DESC departments;
查询某一列
SELECT job_id FROM employees;
查询某一列去除重复,DISTINCT过滤掉重复的记录
SELECT DISTINCT job_id FROM employees;
拼接所有下内容显示成一行
SELECT CONCAT(employee_id,first_name,last_name) out_put FROM employees;

between and模糊查询

查询所有工资在10000到20000之间的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary >= 10000 AND salary <= 20000;

使用between and写法,包含边界值,相当于>=和<=,必须是小数在前大的在后

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;

in模糊查询

manager_id是102,103或者114的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id=102 OR manager_id=103 OR manager_id=114;

in,相当于之要你能匹配任何一个就可以,只要检索条件匹配in后面的任何一个值,就会符合要求

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id IN(102,103,114);

is null 和 is not null

查询出所有manager_id为null的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL;

查询没有结果

  SELECT * FROM employees WHERE `manager_id`=NULL;

查询所有manager_id不为null的员工

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL;

查询出所有年底有奖金的员工信息,查看奖金基数值是不是null

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL;

基础查询练习题

查询工资大于12000的员工姓名和工资

SELECT first_name,last_name,salary FROM employees WHERE salary >12000;

查询员工号为176的员工的姓名和部门号和年薪

SELECT first_name,last_name,department_id,(salary * 12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0))) ‘年薪’ FROM employees WHERE employee_id=176;

选择工资不在5000到12000的员工的姓名和薪资

SELECT first_name,salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE salary<5000 OR salary>12000;
SELECT first_name,salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE NOT(salary>=5000 AND salary<=12000);
SELECT first_name,salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE NOT(salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 12000);
SELECT first_name,salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE NOT salary BETWEEN 5000 AND 12000;
SELECT first_name,salary,last_name FROM employees WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 12000;

选择在20或50号部门工作的员工姓名部门号

SELECT first_name,last_name,department_id FROM employees WHERE department_id=20 OR department_id = 50;
SELECT first_name,last_name,department_id FROM employees WHERE department_id IN(20,50);

选择公司中没有管理者的员工姓名以及job_id

SELECT first_name,last_name,job_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL;

选择公司中有奖金的员工姓名,工资和奖金级别

SELECT first_name,last_name,commission_pct FROM employees WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL;

选择员工姓名第三个字母是a的员工姓名

SELECT first_name,last_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘__a%’;
SELECT first_name,last_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘__a%’ OR last_name LIKE ‘__a%’;

选择姓名中有字母a,也有e的员工姓名

SELECT first_name,last_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘%a%’ AND first_name LIKE ‘%e%’;
SELECT first_name,last_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘%a%e’ OR first_name LIKE ‘%e%a’;

显示出表employee表中的first_name以’e’结尾的员工信息

SELECT first_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE ‘%e’;

显示出表employee部门编号在80到100之间的信命,职位

SELECT first_name,last_name,job_id FROM employees WHERE department_id BETWEEN 80 AND 100;

显示出employees的manager_id是100,101,110的员工姓名,职位

SELECT first_name,last_name,job_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id IN(100,101,102);

排序查询

按照工资进行排序,默认是升序,升序是ASC,默认就是ASC

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary;

按照降序进行排列

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC;

按照员工的名进行降序排列,如果是字符,按照字典顺序进行排列,就是字母顺序的比较

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY first_name DESC;

多个列排序,如果工资相同就按照名字的降序排列,第一排序规则,第二排序规则

SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC,first_name DESC;
# 第二排序规则升序
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC,first_name DESC;
order by 永远在最后一列
按照多个列进行排序的时候,使用逗号分隔排序规则,在前面的就是高排序规则,后面的就是地排序规则,
各排序规则单独指定升序还是降序

字符函数
查询当中的函数
Sql语句中的函数，函数是一个有特定功能的方法或代码块，当调用函数的时候，这个方法或者代码块就运行，返回结果
函数有的有参属有的没有参数，但是sql中都有返回值，必须查到返回值
单行函数 字符函数 数学函数 日期函数 流程控制函数 其他函数

字符函数

转大写函数，不管原来是大写还是小写通通转为大写

SELECT UPPER(‘abc’);

将表中所有的列全部转为大写,工具中不加分号也可以执行，cmd中不行

SELECT UPPER(first_name) FROM employees;
#转小写函数
SELECT LOWER(‘ABC’);
SELECT LOWER(first_name) FROM employees;

拼接字符串函数

SELECT CONCAT(‘a’,‘b’,‘b’,‘d’,‘x’);

拼接完成转大写

SELECT UPPER(CONCAT(‘a’,‘b’,‘b’,‘d’,‘x’));
SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name) FROM employees

截取字符串，mysql中索引从1开始,这个7是world.包含第7个

从源串截取，第二个参属位置开始到末尾

SELECT SUBSTR(‘hello world’,7);

如何截取中间，第三个参数是截取长度 wo

SELECT SUBSTR(‘hello world’,7,2);

截取所有员工名字中的前三个字母

SELECT SUBSTR(first_name,1,3) FROM employees;

字符函数

获取字符串的字节数

SELECT LENGTH(‘abc’); # 3,如果是英文字母一个字母一个字节
SELECT LENGTH(‘你好啊’); # 9,mysql保存中文3个字节一个中文

获取目标串再源串中第一次出现的索引

SELECT INSTR(‘hello world hello java’,‘world’);

如果目标串不存在返回为0

SELECT INSTR(‘hello world hello java’,‘two’);
SELECT INSTR(‘hello world hello java’,‘wd’);

LPAD 和 RPAD

SELECT LPAD(‘小强’,10,’’); # ********小强,总长度为10，除了源串其他的那这个填充，L左边填充
SELECT LPAD(‘小强’,10,’’); # 小强********,总长度为10，除了源串其他的那这个填充，R右边填充

去掉两侧的空格，不能去掉中间的空格

SELECT TRIM(’ 小强 ');

这中间有个空格加上括号也可以

SELECT LENGTH (TRIM(’ 小强 ')) # 6

从源传中用新串替换老串，第一个参属源串,第二个是源串中的老串,第三个新串

SELECT REPLACE(‘蔡徐坤’,‘坤’,‘乐’); # 蔡徐乐

有几个替换几个

SELECT REPLACE(‘蔡徐坤坤’,‘坤’,‘乐’); # 蔡徐乐乐

数学函数

向上取整

SELECT CEIL(3.15); # 4
SELECT CEIL(-3.15); # -3

向下取整

SELECT FLOOR(3.15); # 3
SELECT FLOOR(-3.15); # -4

四舍五入

SELECT ROUND(3.15); # 3
SELECT ROUND(3.75); # 4

取随机数

SELECT RAND(); # 取0到1之间的浮点数

取绝对值

SELECT ABS(3); # 3
SELECT ABS(-3); # 3

取余数

SELECT MOD(9,2); # 余数为1,取9除以2的余数

日期函数

取系统时间

SELECT NOW(); # 取当前系统时间

取系统时间只有时分秒

SELECT CURRENT_TIME();

取系统时间只有年月日

SELECT CURRENT_DATE();

通用函数

如果第一个参数是null,就返回第二个参数.如果不是null,就返回第一个参数

SELECT IFNULL(NULL,5);
SELECT IFNULL(‘hello’,‘ok’);
SELECT IFNULL(‘NULL’,‘hello’); # 这个是字符串

流程控制函数

判断控制函数

if函数有个三个参数,第一个为表达式,表达式为true,返回第二个参数,表达式为false返回第三个参数

SELECT IF(10>9,‘one’,‘two’); # 输出结果为one

多重判断,相当于if-else

如果条件表达式1成立,就执行表达式1,如果条件表达式2成立就执行表达式2,都不成立则执行表达式n

  SELECT 查询的列
  	CASE
    WHEN 条件表达式1 THEN 表达式1 
    WHEN 条件表达式2 THEN 表达式2
    .......
    ELSE 表达式n
     END '别名'
  FROM `employees`

如果发现工资在2000到4000之间的人就显示它们工资的1.1倍

SELECT first_name,last_name,
CASE
WHEN salary > 2000 AND salary < 4000 THEN salary * 1.1
WHEN salary >=4000 AND salary < 8000 THEN salary * 1.5
WHEN salary >=8000 AND salary < 1200 THEN salary * 2.0
ELSE salary * 2.5
END ‘工资’
FROM employees;

多重判断相当于switch,里面的条件是等值判断

SELECT first_name,last_name,
CASE
WHEN job_id=‘AD_PRES’ THEN salary * 1.1
WHEN job_id=‘AD_VP’ THEN salary * 1.5
WHEN job_id=‘IT_PROG’ THEN salary * 2.0
ELSE salary * 2.5
END ‘工资’
FROM employees;

分组函数

avg取平均值

查看所有员工的平局工资

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

查看所有员工的工资和

SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;

查看最高工资

SELECT employee_id,first_name,MAX(salary) FROM employees;

修改100号员工的工资为16000

UPDATE employees SET salary=16000 WHERE employee_id=100;

普通的列不能和分组函数放在一起查询,因为分组函数返回的结果只有一条

我们查询数据库得知查询姓名在第一个个最高工资在所对应的人不正确,各条件查各自的,但是结果只有一个

查询最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;

count()统计行数

员工信息表中有多少名员工的工资是超过10000的

count(*) 返回的行数

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE salary > 10000;

没有count(*) 会将这符合条件的信息都打印出来

count() 这个不管换成哪个列结果都是一样的,前提是列中没有null,所以选择使用*,写*安全

SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 10000;

查询it岗位所有员工的平均工资

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE job_id=‘IT_PROG’;

查询这个岗位有多少人

SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees WHERE job_id=‘IT_PROG’;

查询所有岗位的员工的平均工资

分组查询子句group by

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY job_id;

这个放在一起不会出错,因为这个列就是分组列,原表中的列,会按照group by后的列进行分组排序

列值相等的会被分到一组中

分组函数在没有分组前是对全表数据进行检索,一旦分组,就会按照各个分组进行检索的方法进行运算

SELECT job_id,AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY job_id;

查询每个岗位的平均工资是大于5000的

where是过滤前的原表数据,having是过滤分组之后的组

SELECT job_id,AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY job_id HAVING AVG(salary)>5000;

首先过滤掉工资低与3000的,将工资高的按照部门进行分组,再赛选出分组之后平均工资大于5000的

SELECT job_id,AVG(salary),COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE salary>3000 GROUP BY job_id HAVING AVG(salary)>5000;

多表连接查询

多表连接查询

– SQL92版本
#当需要的数据来自多张表中,有内连接和外连接

量表相连,两个表各自拥有一个列,这两个列含义一样

内连接要求两张表中都有匹配记录才能连接返回,如果一张表中有匹配记录,另一张表没有,则不能返回

等值内连接

因为在jobs中的job_id等于employees中的job_id,多张表的时候需要指定哪张表中的列

SELECT employees.first_name,employees.job_id,employees.last_name,jobs.job_title
FROM employees,jobs
WHERE employees.job_id = jobs.job_id;

内连接查询规范的方式就是给表明起别名,表明点列名,列起别名

SELECT e.first_name fna, e.last_name lna, j.job_title jtl
FROM employees e,jobs j
WHERE e.job_id = j.job_id;

where后面现在跟了连接条件,这个语句后面还以加检索条件

SELECT e.first_name fna, e.last_name lna, j.job_title jtl
FROM employees e,jobs j
WHERE e.job_id = j.job_id AND e.salary > 10000;

非等值连接,两张表中没有含义一样的列

不需要含义相同的列,可以让一张表的列,在另一张表的某个区间中

根据员工的工资,查询员工工资的等级

SELECT e.first_name,e.job_id,e.salary,j.GRADE
FROM employees e,job_grades j
WHERE e.salary BETWEEN j.LOWEST_SAL AND j.HIGHEST_SAL;

自连接,把一张表当成两张表来看

我想看员工的名字和他主管的名字和他主管的编号

查询了两次employees表

SELECT e.first_name,e.manager_id,j.first_name
FROM employees e,employees j
WHERE e.manager_id=j.employee_id;

–SQL99,99年开会确定的版本

内连接

使用inner join来实现内连接 (inner) join inner这里可以省略,直接写一个Join就是内连接

表 a (inner) join 表b on 连接条件

SELECT e.first_name,e.last_name,j.job_title
FROM employees e INNER JOIN jobs j
ON e.job_id=j.job_id;

加入检索条件

SELECT e.first_name,e.last_name,j.job_title
FROM employees e INNER JOIN jobs j
ON e.job_id=j.job_id
WHERE e.salary>10000;

非等值连接

SELECT e.first_name,e.last_name,e.salary,j.GRADE
FROM employees e INNER JOIN job_grades j
ON e.salary BETWEEN j.LOWEST_SAL AND j.HIGHEST_SAL;

自连接

SELECT e.first_name ename, e.manager_id managerid,j.first_name managername
FROM employees e INNER JOIN employees j
ON e.manager_id=j.employee_id;

查询员工的名字,岗位编号,部门编号和部门名

sql92版本

SELECT e.first_name,e.job_id,e.department_id,d.department_name FROM employees e,departments d
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id;

sql99版本

SELECT e.first_name,e.job_id,e.department_id,d.department_name FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

查询员工的名字,岗位编号,部门编号,部门名称,和部门经理的编号

SELECT e.first_name,e.job_id,e.department_id,d.department_name, d.manager_id FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

SELECT e.first_name,e.job_id,e.department_id,d.department_name, d.manager_id FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

查询出员工名,岗位名,部门名

员工名称来源自employees这张表,岗位名称来源自jobs这张表,部门名称来源自departments这张表

这是三张表连接的

SELECT e.first_name,j.job_title,d.department_name FROM employees e,jobs j,departments d
WHERE e.job_id=j.job_id AND e.department_id=d.department_id;

一定要保证两张表连在一起的时候本身是有关系的,不然连接不到一起去

SELECT e.first_name,j.job_title,d.department_name FROM jobs j INNER JOIN employees e
ON j.job_id = e.job_id INNER JOIN departments d ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

外连接 左外连 右外连 全外连
左外连接

想看看那些部门有哪些员工,哪些部门没有员工,同时一条语句返回

部门名来自于部门表,员工名来自于员工表

SELECT e.first_name,d.department_name
FROM departments d LEFT JOIN employees e
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

左外链接首先返回左表的全部记录,left join左侧的是左表,右侧的是右表

然后使用连接条件匹配右表,有匹配的就连接返回,没有匹配的就插null返回

departments是左表,全部记录都返回,都在employees找不到记录的就插null返回

子查询: 一个查询语句的数据源,是另一个查询语句的查询结果集

查询所有没有员工的部门名称

第一步使用左外连接查询出所有部门,并连接员工表找到没有员工的部门

SELECT e.first_name,d.department_name
FROM departments d LEFT JOIN employees e
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

第二步找到first_name is null的部门

SELECT tableone.department_name
FROM
(SELECT e.first_name,d.department_name
FROM departments d LEFT JOIN employees e
ON e.department_id=d.department_id) AS tableone
WHERE tableone.first_name IS NULL;

第二步找到first_name is null的部门

tableone.department_id这属于表明.列名的情况,from后面是表,给表起别名

SELECT tableone.department_id,tableone.department_name
FROM
(SELECT e.first_name,d.department_name,d.department_id
FROM departments d LEFT JOIN employees e
ON e.department_id=d.department_id) AS tableone
WHERE tableone.first_name IS NULL;

先找到这个哥们的工资

SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE first_name =‘Adam’;

比他工资大的都是我要的信息

找到所有比adam工资高的员工

SELECT first_name,salary FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE first_name =‘Adam’);

分页查询

一共有50条记录,一页10条,想看第三页

第一页1-10 第二页11-20 第三页21-30

SELECT * FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;

LIMIT这个函数有两个参数,这个函数加括号不行,这就是第21条到第30条,参数10代表显示10条记录,这个索引从0开始

SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 20,10;

一共有40条匹配条件的记录,一页显示八条,想看第二页

做分页的时候关键要素是页面尺寸(一页显示多少条记录) pageSize = 10

当前页码, currPage = 3

总记录数,(符合检索条件的所有记录) totalCount

计算: 计算总页数 int pageCount = totalCount%pageSize==0? totalCount/pageSize : (totalCount/pageSize)+1;

如果能整除就是正好的页数,除不尽就加一

计算: 本业第一套记录的索引 int index = (corrPage - 1) * pageSize;