LeetCode Python ZigZag Conversion

题目

ZigZag Conversion

"""
The string "PAYPALISHIRING" is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this:
(you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)

P   A   H   N
A P L S I I G
Y   I   R

And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"
Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:

string convert(string s, int numRows);

Example 1:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Example 2:
Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
"""

题目的意思是根据给定的字符串和行数，按照Z字形将字符进行排列后按行读取，形成一个新的字符串（即按照要求改变原字符串中字符的位置）。想必按照Z字形排列这个概念大家并不陌生，毕竟一路考试都是这么安排位置的。

解法一: Visit by Row

"""
[Intuition]

Visit the characters in the same order as reading the 
Zig-Zag pattern line by line.

[Algorithm]

Visit all characters in row 0 first, then row 1, then row 2, 
and so on...

"""

解这道题前可以举几个例子画在纸上，把各个位置的index标出，就不难找到规律：第一行和最后一行的两个字符的index差为2 * numRows - 2。而在中间行，index差为2 * numRows - 2的两个字符间还有一个字符，它与前一个字符的index差为2 * (nRows - i - 1)。

需要注意index问题（尤其是越界问题）。

错误解答：

class Solution:
    def convert(self, s, nRows):
        res = ""
        for i in range(nRows):
            for j in range(i, len(s), 2*nRows-2):
                res += s[j]
                if i > 0 and i < nRows-1 and j+2*(nRows