全局阈值
# 图像二值化 0白色 1黑色
# 全局阈值
def threshold_image(image):
gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv.imshow("original", gray)
------------------------------------
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU) # 大律法,全局自适应阈值 参数0可改为任意数字但不起作用
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("OTSU", binary)
-------------------------------------
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255,
cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_TRIANGLE) # TRIANGLE法,,全局自适应阈值, 参数0可改为任意数字但不起作用,适用于单个波峰
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("TRIANGLE", binary)
--------------------------------------
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 150, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY) # 自定义阈值为150,大于150的是白色 小于的是黑色
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("myself", binary)
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 150, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV) # 自定义阈值为150,大于150的是黑色 小于的是白色
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("myself_inv", binary)
--------------------------------------------
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 150, 255, cv.THRESH_TRUNC) # 截断 大于150的是改为150 小于150的保留
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("trunc", binary)
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 150, 255, cv.THRESH_TOZERO) # 截断 小于150的是改为150 大于150的保留
print("阈值:%s" % ret)
cv.imshow("tozero", binary)
src = cv.imread(r'D:\user\zxh\Desktop\figure1.jpg')
threshold_image(src)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()
运行结果如下,我们看到原来的风景图片得到不同的处理。注意cv.imshow默认为utf-8编码解码,所以窗口标题最好用英文.
局部阈值
#局部阈值
def local_image(image):
gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv.imshow("original", gray)
binary1 = cv.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, cv.THRESH_BINARY, 25, 10)
cv.imshow("local1", binary1)
binary2 = cv.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv.THRESH_BINARY, 25, 10)#高斯处理
cv.imshow("local2", binary2)
src2= cv.imread(r'D:\user\zxh\Desktop\figure1.jpg')
local_image(src2)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()
cv.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C 和 cv.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C
图像处理结果如下:
求图像均值寻找阈值
# 求出图像均值作为阈值来二值化
def custom_image(image):
gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv.imshow("original", gray)
h, w = gray.shape[:2]
m = np.reshape(gray, [1, w * h]) # 化为一维数组
mean = m.sum() / (w * h)
print("mean: ", mean)
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY)
cv.imshow("binary", binary)
src3 = cv.imread(r'D:\user\zxh\Desktop\figure1.jpg')
custom_image(src3)
cv.waitKey(0)
求得阈值为165.8,图像如下
它的阈值介于OTSU和TRIANGLE之间,经过观察,图像的特点也恰好介于两者之间。