文件 IO

1.open

	头文件：
        #include <fcntl.h>
	int open(const char *pathname, int flags);
	int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
参数：
    pathname:文件绝对路径/文件名
    flags：O_RDONLY(读), O_WRONLY(写), or O_RDWR(可读可写).
    mode_t mode :权限
返回值：
        非负，未占用的最小正整数

2.read

   头文件：
   #include <unistd.h>
   ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
参数：
    fd:文件描述符

3.write

用法：
    size_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
参数：
    fd:文件描述符
    *buf:缓冲区地址
    count ：写入字节数 

4.lseek文件定位

头文件：
#include<unistd.h>
    用法：
    off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);
参数：
    fd：文件描述符
    offset：偏移量
    whence：当前位置基点

5.关闭文件

int close(int fd);

目录操作

1.打开目录

#include <dirent.h>
//打开一个已经存在的目录
DIR *opendir(const char *name);
返回值：
    成功返回目录流指针，失败返回-1；
    

2.读目录

#include <dirent.h>

struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp);
返回值：
    成功返回目录信息结构体，失败返回NULL
     struct dirent {
               ino_t          d_ino;       /* Inode number */
               off_t          d_off;       /* Not an offset; see below */
               unsigned short d_reclen;    /* Length of this record */
               unsigned char  d_type;      /* Type of file; not supported
                                              by all filesystem types */
               char           d_name[256]; /* Null-terminated filename */
           };

3.查看文件属性

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

//返回值On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned
int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
int fstat(int fd, struct stat *statbuf);
int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);

struct stat {
               dev_t     st_dev;         /* ID of device containing file */
               ino_t     st_ino;         /* Inode number */
               mode_t    st_mode;        /* File type and mode */
               nlink_t   st_nlink;       /* Number of hard links */
               uid_t     st_uid;         /* User ID of owner */
               gid_t     st_gid;         /* Group ID of owner */
               dev_t     st_rdev;        /* Device ID (if special file) */
               off_t     st_size;        /* Total size, in bytes */
               blksize_t st_blksize;     /* Block size for filesystem I/O */
               blkcnt_t  st_blocks;      /* Number of 512B blocks allocated */
			   struct timespec st_atim;  /* Time of last access */
               struct timespec st_mtim;  /* Time of last modification */
               struct timespec st_ctim;  /* Time of last status change */

           #define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec      /* Backward compatibility */
           #define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
           #define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
           };
判断文件是何类型：
    	// File type and mode 高位代表文件类型，低位代表文件权限
        mode_t    st_mode;        
        S_IFMT     0170000   bit mask for the file type bit field
        S_IFSOCK   0140000   socket
        S_IFLNK    0120000   symbolic link
        S_IFREG    0100000   regular file
        S_IFBLK    0060000   block device
        S_IFDIR    0040000   directory
        S_IFCHR    0020000   character device
        S_IFIFO    0010000   FIFO

        Thus, to test for a regular file (for example), one could write:

        stat(pathname, &sb);
        if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) {
            /* Handle regular file */
    	}

4.时间结构体